<p>The Bush–Holley House is a National Historic Landmark and historic house museum at 39 Strickland Road in the Cos Cob section of Greenwich, Connecticut. It was constructed circa 1730 and in the late nineteenth century was a boarding house and the center of the Cos Cob Art Colony, Connecticut’s first art colony. From 1890 to 1920, the house was a gathering place for artists, writers and editors, and scores of art students came to study with leading American Impressionists John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, Theodore Robinson, and Childe Hassam. It is currently operated as a historic site by the Historical Society of the Town of Greenwich, and is open for tours.</p><br>
<h2>History of the Bush and Holley families</h2><br>
<h3>The Bushes</h3><br>
<p>Bush–Holley House was built in stages beginning 1728–1730, with a one-room, two-story structure on a hilltop overlooking the harbor; the main "salt box" house was completed a few years later. In 1738, Justus Bush (originally Bosch), a Dutch Greenwich farmer, purchased the house but did not occupy it. His son David Bush (b. 1733) inherited the house and from 1755 to 1777, made significant changes to it, including joining the two buildings to create an entrance hall, adding wood panelling to the parlor and parlor chamber, and attaching an outbuilding to create the "back kitchen" wing.</p><br>
<p>In 1777 a widowed David Bush married his sister-in-law, Sarah Scudder Isaacs (b. 1742), adding five of her six children to his five, and fathering five more before his death in 1797. His household also included 10 enslaved adults and children, making him the largest slave-owner in town. David Bushs son, Justus Luke Bush, inherited the home and bought out his brother Ralph Isaac Bushs share of his father&#39;s estate.</p><br>
<h3>The Holleys and MacRaes</h3><br>
<p>The Bush–Holley House passed out of the Bush family in 1848 into the hands of Josephine and Edward Holley. The Holleys added new windows and a second-story porch, and in 1882 began operating it as a place of lodging for visiting artists and writers. In the summer of 1896, Elmer Livingston MacRae visited Cos Cob for a class in outdoor painting. While there, he fell in love with Emma Constant Holley, daughter of Josephine and Edward. MacRae moved into the house full-time in 1899, and married Emma on October 17, 1900. She gave birth to twin girls, Constant and Clarissa, on October 31, 1904.</p><br>
<p>MacRae succeeded John Henry Twachtman as head of the Cos Cob Art Colony, and for two decades Elmer and Emma continued to run the boardinghouse, which also served as a studio and showcase for MacRae’s works.</p><br>
<h2>Bush–Holley Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>The Historical Society of the Town of Greenwich purchased the house in 1957 from the widowed Constant Holley MacRae and first opened it as a museum in 1958. and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Guided tours of Bush–Holley House feature historic interiors related to the Bush and Holley families and an American Impressionist art collection. The William Hegarty Gallery presents historically and artistically significant exhibitions curated by foremost authorities on art and history. Exhibits focus on the art and artists of the Cos Cob art colony, museum collections and aspects of Greenwich history.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Mountains are a range of rugged hills in West Otago, in southern New Zealand. They form a barrier between the valleys of the Clutha and Pomahaka Rivers. They lie between the towns of Tapanui and Lawrence and rise to 1019 metres .</p><br>
<p>The Blue Mountains are home to one of the largest herds of wild fallow deer in the south island of New Zealand, hunting is permitted on Department of Conservation administered land. The early name for the range was Te Papanui, which was later corrupted to Tapanui. Early surveyors named it Mount Valpy after William Henry Valpy, an early settler in Dunedin. The name Blue Mountains was given by gold diggers during the Otago Gold Rush in the early 1860s after the Blue Mountains in New South Wales.</p><br>
<p>The Elkhorn Mountains are a mountain range in southwestern Montana, part of the Rocky Mountains and are roughly 300,000 acres  in size. It is an inactive volcanic mountain range with the highest point being Crow Peak at 9,414 ft, right next to Elkhorn Peak, 9,381 ft. The range is surrounded by the cities of Helena, Montana City, Townsend, Whitehall, and Boulder and is part of the Helena National Forest in Montana&#39;s Jefferson County.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The mountain range seen today is related to regional structural uplift dating mostly to Oligocene time.</p><br>
<h2>The Land</h2><br>
<p>A forest fire in 1988 burned 47,000 acres (190 km²) of the mountain range, leaving carpets of seedlings growing into new lodgepole pine forests. The land has been used extensively in the past for gold and silver mining, logging, and open range grazing, leaving a noticeable impact; most notably the abandoned mining town of Elkhorn. Recently with efforts conducted by the BLM, Montana FWP and Helena National Forest, new conservation and wildlife management plans have been put into place including big horn sheep reintroduction and the westslope cutthroat trout restoration program. Management of the 2000+ elk heard in the area and the suppression of noxious weeds is also an ongoing task.</p><br>
<p>Despite the impacts of mining, around 100,000 acres of the Elkhorns were still roadless in 1992; this included 85,000 acres of roadless National Forest land as well as adjacent BLM, state and private lands. Congress designated 175,000 acres of the range as the "Elkhorns Wildlife Management Area," and one of Montana&#39;s most productive elk herds inhabits the range. Because the Elkhorns are higher in elevation than the nearby section of the Continental Divide, they catch more moisture than do most other ranges east of the Divide. For this reason, the Elkhorns are especially diverse, with 148 documented vertebrate species.</p><br>
<p>The Musi River is located in southern Sumatra, Indonesia.</p><br>
<p>The river roughly flows from south-west to north-east, from Barisan Mountains range that formed the backbone of Sumatra, in Kepahiang, Bengkulu, to the Bangka Strait that formed the extension of South China Sea. It is about 750 kilometers long, and drains most of South Sumatra province. After flowing through Palembang, the provincial capital, it joins with the several other rivers, including the Banyuasin River, to form a delta near the city of Sungsang. The river, dredged to a depth of about 6.5 meters, is navigable by large ships as far as Palembang, which is the site of major port facilities used primarily for the export of petroleum, rubber and palm-oil.</p><br>
<p>This river system, especially around the city of Palembang, was the heart of eponymous 7th to 13th century Srivijayan empire.</p><br>
<p>The river mouth was the site of the SilkAir Flight 185 plane crash which killed all 104 passengers and crew on board in December 1997.</p><br>
<p>COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gezicht over Palembang aan de Musi rivier TMnr 20018417.jpgThe Musi River and Palembang</p><br>
<p>The Porter Hollow Embankment and Culvert is now a stone bridge and trestle over the Stegman Creek along the White Pine Trail in Algoma Township, Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad completed its railway through Algoma Township in 1867. Porter Hollow was an unincorporated community along this route, about 3 miles north of Rockford. At Porter Hollow the railroad built a large wooden trestle over Stegman Creek, then known as Wicked Creek. In 1883 a flood damaged the trestle, and a local farmer, James House, collected field stones to build the current trestle over the creek.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>That stone bridge withstood the rigors of railroad use for nearly a century, and it is in good condition today. The trestle is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is a key bridge along the White Pine Trail.</p><br>
<p>Lake Tåkern is a lake in Östergötland County, Sweden. It is considered one of northern Europe&#39;s foremost bird lakes. It is 12 km  long and 8 km  wide, with an average depth only 0.8 metres . The lake lies around 20 km  west of Mjölby, bordering in the west to Omberg. The whole lake, with the surrounding beaches, has been a nature reserve since 1975. From April to the end of July, it is not open to the public, except for visiting areas and walking routes.</p><br>
<p>The lakes history as a birdlake is related to the lakes water level lowering between 1842-1844. A number of bird species benefitted from this. A change of the water level in the 1960s was made to prevent large differences in the water level.</p><br>
<p>Tåkern is in Ramsar Convention, an international convention for protection of valuable wetlands.</p><br>
<p>The Harrison Courthouse Square Historic District is an area of Harrison, Arkansas. It is known by residents simply as "the Square". The Harrison Courthouse Square Historic District includes the 1911 Boone County Courthouse, two pharmacies, several clothing stores and restaurants, and a Marine Corps museum. The District also has a bank and the Lyric Theater. The District is the site of several annual festivals, including Crawdad Days and the Fall Festival. Several war memorials stand on the Courthouse lawn. The Square is known as the site of the shooting of famous outlaw Henry Starr.</p><br>
<p>Most of the square&#39;s buildings were built between 1895 and 1948, earlier buildings having been predominantly wooden in construction. The district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999 has 54 historically significant buildings, including most of those facing the 1911 courthouse, and a few on the immediately adjacent city blocks.</p><br>
<p>Boulder Glacier is located on the southeast slope of Mount Baker, a stratovolcano near the Pacific coast of North America in the Cascade Range of Washington. Boulder Glacier is the sixth largest on Mount Baker with an area of 1.3 square miles. It flows from the summit crater between Grant Peak  and Sherman Peak  to about 5,000 ft. It is noteworthy for retreating 1,610 ft between 1987 and 2008, leaving newly exposed rock and soil behind.</p><br>
<p>Between 1850 and 1950, the glacier retreated 8,700 ft. William Long of the United States Forest Service observed the glacier beginning to advance due to cooler and wetter weather in 1953. This was followed by a 2,438 ft advance by 1979. The 1979 terminus position is where the small stream enters Boulder Creek from the southwest. Observations in 2005 suggest that the lowest thousand feet or several hundred meters of the glacier is stagnant and will likely disappear. In the pictures, this section of the glacier is gray with rock debris and has few crevasses. On the west side of Boulder Creek is a small waterfall revealed by the recent recession of the glacier.</p><br>
<p>Boulder Glacier may be approached via the Boulder Ridge Trail number 605. The trail passes through a climax community of pacific silver fir and related species of disparate ages with many standing snags. In the fall, a large variety of mushroom species emerge. Near 4,300 ft elevation, the trail ascends a lateral glacial moraine. At 4,600 ft the route ascends about 20 ft of Class 2 rock and 120 ft of steep subalpine forest to reach the ridge crest. Soon thereafter, the trail disappears.</p><br>
<p>Boulder Ridge consists of scenic heather-covered benches and a number of lateral moraines left by vanished glaciers. Glacial retreat has left the upper portion of the ridge barren and unstable and rockfall from the terminus of that portion of the glacier is a hazard to the unwary visitor.</p><br>
<p>Boulder Glacier is one of the more popular climbing routes on Mount Baker. First climbed on August 24, 1891, it is most often ascended in combination with the cleaver between Boulder and Park Glacier to the north to bypass densely crevassed sections of the glacier. At about 10,000 ft elevation, the route passes to the southwest of steep rock and ice to reach the summit ridge east of Grant Peak.</p><br>
<p>The Bladnoch is a river in Wigtownshire in the Machars of Galloway in southwest Scotland. One of the earliest descriptions of it is given by Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw and Sir David Dunbar in an appendix to Andrew Symson&#39;s work "A Large Description of Galloway" written in the 17th century. In this they state that:</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river Bladnoch rises at Loch Maberry in the parish of Kirkcowan, through which it runs south to Polbae. On its journey south it is joined by Reoch Burn as it passes through Carseriggan Moor. Continuing its journey it passes Isle-na-Gower and becomes a border between the afforested land at Hopeless Howe and the Ring of Barfad. Shortly after this it is met and joined by Black Burn. At this point the river is bordered on its east side by Barnley Plantation. Crossing the river at the stepping stones is a single-track road which links Mark of Shennanton with Little Eldrig. Shortly after this point the river widens briefly at Broad Wheel. Continuing on its journey southwards it is next forded by Shennanton Bridge where the A75 crosses it. Next we come to Linn Wood and the waterfall at Linn of Barhoise. The river then moves on past Barhoise Farm to Barhoise Mill. In 1684 according to Symson, this area had a salmon fishery with nets on both the Bladnoch and the Tarff. At the Mill of Barhoise, the Laird of Craichlaw had fishing rights. Barhoise Mill is a T-shaped two storey construction of granite, whinstone and slate, which is falling into a dilapidated state. The mill was driven by a wheel which was situated at the side of the building. Of this wheel only the wooden axle remains. The datestone above the door reads 1827, but this mill is most certainly a reconstruction of a much earlier one, perhaps connected with the Old Place of Glaisnick, a one-time nearby residence of the powerful Gordon family of Craichlaw. The main road from Kirkcowan to Wigtown and from Kirkcowan to Minnigaff via Glaisnick crossed the river just south of this mill. There are still stepping stones at the fording place east of Ring Farm.</p><br>
<p>Due east of Kirkcowan the Bladnoch unites with the Tarf Water. Two miles below this point the Laird of Grainge had fishing rights "beneath which, at severall places the said river, the Laird of Dereagill, on Kirkinner side, and the Laird of Torhouse, on Wigtown side, have severall places where they take salmon by nets, both which Lairds have an equal interest therein; and some yeares again, they fish together, and divide their fish equally."</p><br>
<p>In the reign of King David I (1124–1153) the Order of Knights Templar (established in 1118) was introduced into Galloway. These knights dressed in a white habit with a red cross on their cloaks. They operated Inns of Hospitality as one of their activities, and one of the inns was situated beside the Spittal of Bladnoch, the crossing place on the main road from Wigtown to Portpatrick and Ireland.</p><br>
<p>About one mile (1.6 km) south of Dalreagle, in the parish of Kirkinner, the Water of Malzie empties itself into the Bladnoch. Soon after this the river comes to Torhouse Mill, one of the early mills which, incorporating a farm steading, ground corn. The wheelpit and lade, part of the 19th century mill which was powered by the river, can still be traced. Very near this on the riverside is the ruined site of a waulkmill which was a wool manufactory. By 1792 it employed 40 workers making "plaiding and flannel" for export to England. A weir below this is just south of the site of a farina mill. Newmilns is two miles (3 km) west of Wigtown. It was a small T-shaped mill of three storeys, built into the river bank. The building has been completely gutted and is now made use of as a store and byre. The wheelpit is at the rear of the mill, and the remains of a breastshot wheel with wooden axle and cast iron rims can be seen. The wheel had a diameter of 16 ft and was 5 ft wide. The only present industry on the mill section of the river is a modern trout farm on the site of the former Torhouse grain mill. It was opened in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Past these mills the river runs through Cotland and Kirwaugh Plantations. The scenery at this point is described by Samuel Robinson as being the finest along the fifteen-mile (24 km) extent of the rivers course. After all these plantations the river descends to a large pool called Linghoor, which has been known since the 18th century as one of Scotlands finest salmon pools.</p><br>
<h2>Bladnoch Village</h2><br>
<p>The river then reaches the Bladnoch Distillery which was established in 1817. The distillery sits on the North side of the river, just west of Bladnoch village. In 1798 this village consisted of 10 or 12 thatched houses on both sides of the road from Wigtown to the ford of the river. The inhabitants of the houses of that period were all labourers. The old ford has been unnecessary since the construction of the first bridge, near the distillery site, in 1728. In the 15th century a charter shows a request from Margaret, Countess of Galloway, for Papal Indulgences to be granted to any who would help in the building of a stone bridge across the Bladnoch. This was to help pilgrims on their way to Whithorn, as the existing wooden bridge was continually being swept away in floods. The bridge was not built until almost two hundred years after pilgrimages had finally ceased to take place.</p><br>
<p>At the south side of the 1728 stone bridge there was a public house which was known for its heavy drinking, rowdy behaviour, and fights. In 1743 the old innkeeper at "Blednoch Brig" was a man called Sawners McClurg. He allowed any kind of rowdy behaviour but fighting in his establishment. If a fight began "he reached for a thick stick which he kept handy, stood up, gave the ground a thump with his stick and said "Quietness is best". He was a strong man and, when he did this, everything was silent. A poem was carved on his gravestone:</p><br>
<p>Beneath lies Sawners McClurg</p><br>
<p>Enjoying his quiet rest</p><br>
<p>When he was alive he ay said</p><br>
<p>"Quietness was best".</p><br>
<p>When the new bridge of 1867 was built the old stone bridge lay derelict. The new bridge was first discussed, according to the Free Press, in 1850. In 1867 the paper issued the news of its completion, and in 1868 carried an article reporting the costs of the finished work. The stones of the old bridge were eventually used by 1875 to construct a viaduct for the railway over the river to the east of the village.</p><br>
<p>By 1877 Bladnoch was a large village consisting of one and two storey neat slated houses, all of which had been built since the start of the 19th century. Industries in the village were McClellands Distillery and McClellands Preserved Potato Manufactory and Farina Mill. George McClelland, brother of Thomas and John McClelland who founded the distillery in 1817, founded the Starch Manufactory, Potato Mill or Farina Mill at Potato Mill road later. In 1842 it was described as being immediately south of Fordbank House, nearly half-a-mile north of Bladnoch Village. It was a considerable building of two stories high and built of stone, forty persons getting constant work there. At that time the factory and Fordbank House were the property of Charles McClelland. Fordbank was described as "a house of two stories high and built of stone." There were nearby small outhouses and pleasure grounds. In 1841 the works were described as "a Farina Mill with extensive chemical works where a large number of men and women were employed in day and night shifts of work." The Mill operated from the mid 19th century until after World War I. The ground on which it stood was on lease from the Burgh of Wigtown, and when the mill closed the land reverted to the Burgh and was sold for private building. In the Statistical Account of 1965 the Potato Mill is mentioned as having been demolished, and this being the cause for the drop in potato production in the parish. The last McClelland belonging to the Potato Mill was George McClelland who owned Orchardton House in Wigtown.</p><br>
<p>In 1877 there were many businesses in Bladnoch. There was a small coach building establishment run by Mr Withers, at which small or the largest coaches could be made at short notice. There was a large iron foundry owned by Mr William Anderson, a ship owner who had vessels trading to Glasgow and England. At his foundry all sizes of iron castings could be produced, again at short notice. This foundry (which stood near the present garage in Bladnoch) built boats which were put into the river at the site of the old ford, on the brae. Another Bladnoch ship owner was Mr Robert Bennett, proprietor of a large bakery in the village. He had a vessel which traded between Wigtown and Whithorn. McClumphas drapery and tailoring establishment, run by father and son, made fashionable and substantial gentlemens clothing. There was also Mr George Patons joiner and cartwrights shop, a post office, three grocers&#39; shops, two public houses, and a beautiful bowling green which had been gifted to the village by the Earl of Galloway. At this time transport consisted of two coaches daily travelling from Newton Stewart to Whithorn and vice versa.</p><br>
<p>The Friars from the Dominican monastery in Wigtown (founded by Devorgilla) had been granted fishing rights on the south side of the Bladnoch, and in 1526 James V gave them those on the north side in a thirteen-year lease. This lease was later turned into a gift. On the site of these fishing rights stood the town&#39;s grain mill. In or before 1471 the mill was destroyed by a flood, and it was not repaired until 1500.</p><br>
<p>In later years fishing rights became property of the Earl of Galloway. He owned the fishing rights for the whole river from its mouth to Torhouse for salmon fishing. In dry years, from ancient times, no salmon were able to swim higher than Torhouse. The 1791 Statistical Account states that rents for salmon fishing had successively risen from £9 to £16, from £16 to £24, and from £24 to £33. The salmon were not large and were taken from the beginning of March to the beginning of October. The best were taken from the river in June and July. As soon as they were caught they were sold, prices falling from 4d per lb to 3d later in the year.</p><br>
<p>There were several instances in ancient times of whales swimming up the river from the bay. In 1674 a large whale came up the river and was killed on the sands. It was a year of terrible famine and all the people nearby went to get pieces of whale meat. Oil from the whale was very good and was used to burn in oil lamps.</p><br>
<p>The buildings which were formerly part of Bladnoch Creamery stand on the south side of the river near the old ford. From this place the river flows in several wide curves until it passes Wigtown harbour. From there it flows into Wigtown Bay.</p><br>
<p>Alinda  was an ancient inland city and bishopric in Caria, in Asia Minor , now a Latin Catholic titular bishopric.</p><br>
<h2>Location and remains</h2><br>
<p>It is situated near Demircideresi, on a hilltop which commands the modern-day town of Karpuzlu, Aydın Province, in western Turkey, and overlooks a fertile plain.</p><br>
<p>The non-restored but very well preserved ruins remain much visited, especially within the circuit of organized tours (locally called "safaris") with departure from either the international tourism center of Bodrum or from Milas and reaching Karpuzlu through a mountain road from the south.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alinda could have been an important city since the second millennium BC and has been associated with Ialanti that appears in Hittite sources (J. Garstang, p. 179).</p><br>
<p>It was this fortress which was held by the exiled Carian Queen Ada. She greeted Alexander the Great here in 334 BC.</p><br>
<p>The city could have been renamed "Alexandria by the Latmos" (Αλεξάνδρεια στη Λάτμο) shortly afterwards, and was recorded as thus by Stephanus of Byzantium, although different sources raise different possibilities as to the exact location of the settlement of that name. The prior name of Alinda was restored by at least 81 BC. It appears as "Alinda" in Ptolemy&#39;s Geographia (Book V, ch. 2) of the 2nd century AD.</p><br>
<p>Alinda remained an important commercial city; minting its own coins from the third century BC to the 3rd century AD. Stephanus records that the city had a temple of Apollo containing a statue of Aphrodite by Praxiteles.</p><br>
<p>Alinda has a necropolis of Carian tombs and has been partially excavated. Alinda also had a major water system including a Roman aqueduct, a nearly-intact market place, a 5,000-seat Roman amphitheater in relatively good condition, and remains of numerous temples and sarcophagi.</p><br>
<h2>Ecclesiastical history</h2><br>
<p>Alinda appears on Byzantine lists of bishoprics. It was a suffragan of the Metropolitan of Stauropolis, the capital of the Roman province of Caria, but was to fade.</p><br>
<h3>Residential Bishops</h3><br>
<p>(incomplete)</p><br>
<p>Promachios fl.451</p><br>
<p>John fl.451</p><br>
<p>Theodoretus fl.536</p><br>
<h3>Titular Bishopric</h3><br>
<p>It was nominally restored as a Latin titular see of the Roman Catholic Church but is vacant since the death of the last bishop in 1976, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :</p><br>
<p>Alexandre-Louis-Victor-Aimé Le Roy, Holy Ghost Fathers (C.S.Sp.) (1892.07.03 – 1921.05.13), as Apostolic Vicar of Gabon (Gabon) (1892.07.03 – 1896.05.24), later Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans, Holy Ghost Fathers) (1896.07 – 1926), Titular Archbishop of Caria (see) (1921.05.13 – 1938.04.21)</p><br>
<p>Edward Komar (1921.06.16 – 1943.09.29)</p><br>
<p>Juan Hervás y Benet (1944.01.13 – 1947.12.22)</p><br>
<p>Eris Norman Michael O’Brien (1948.02.05 – 1951.01.11) as Auxiliary Bishop of Sydney (Australia) (1948.02.05 – 1951.01.11); later Titular Archbishop of Cyrrhus (1951.01.11 – 1953.11.16), Coadjutor Archbishop of Canberra and Goulburn (Australia) (1951.01.11 – 1953.11.16), succeeding as Archbishop of Canberra and Goulburn (1953.11.16 – 1966.11.20), emeritate as Titular Archbishop of Apamea in Syria (1966.11.20 – 1974.02.28)</p><br>
<p>Gabriel Manek, Divine Word Missionaries (S.V.D.) (1951.03.08 – 1961.01.03) as Apostolic Vicar of Larantuka (Indonesia) (1951.03.08 – 1961.01.03), later Metropolitan Archbishop of Endeh (Indonesia) (1961.01.03 – 1968.12.19), emeritate as Titular Archbishop of Bavagaliana (1968.12.19 – 1976.05.15)</p><br>
<p>Charles Alexander Grant (1961.02.06 – 1967.03.14)</p><br>
<p>Robert Lebel (1974.03.11 – 1976.03.26)</p><br>
<p>Juan Hervás y Benet (1976.09.30 – 1982.06.06)</p><br>
<p>The Letoon , sometimes Latinized as Letoum, was a sanctuary of Leto near the ancient city Xanthos in Lycia. It was one of the most important religious centres in the region. The site is located south of the village Kumluova in the Fethiye district of Antalya Province, Turkey. It lies approximately four kilometres south of Xanthos along the Xanthos River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological finds at the site, which was never a fully occupied settlement, but remained essentially a religious centre, date back to the late sixth century BCE, before the Greek cultural hegemony in Lycia, which began in the early fourth century. In earlier times, the site was probably already sacred to the cult of an earlier mother goddess— she is Eni Mahanahi in Lycia— which was superseded by the worship of Leto, joined by her twin offspring.</p><br>
<p>In Greek mythology, a claim for an early cult of Apollo in the valley of the Xanthus, unsupported by history or archeology, was provided by two myths, each connected to an eponymous "Lycus". One sprang from the autochthonous Telchines of Rhodes and would have colonized the region at the time of Deucalion&#39;s flood; the other Lycus was an Athenian brother of Aegeus driven from Athens, a seer who introduced the cult of Lycaean Apollo, which a folk etymology connected with Lycia and therefore made him its Athenian colonizer: see Lycus (mythology).</p><br>
<p>The foundations of the Hellenistic temple dedicated to Leto, and her children, Artemis and Apollo, have been excavated under the direction of H. Metzger from 1962. Archæologists have excavated much of the ruins; discoveries include the Letoon trilingual, bearing inscriptions in Greek, Lycian and Aramaic, which has provided crucial keys in the deciphering of the Lycian language; it is conserved in the Fethiye Museum.</p><br>
<p>The sacrosanctity of the site is the purport of an anecdote related by Appian concerning Mithridates, who was planning to cut down the trees in the sacred grove for his own purposes in his siege of the Lycian coastal city of Patara, but was warned against the sacrilegious action in a nightmare. The site remained active through the Roman period. The site was Christianised by the construction of an early church, which reused cut stone from the sanctuary, but was abandoned from the seventh century CE.</p><br>
<p>Pinara  was a large ancient city of Lycia at the foot of Mount Cragus , and not far from the western bank of the River Xanthos, homonymous with the ancient city of Xanthos .</p><br>
<p>The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs including one "royal tomb", an upper and a lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. The name Pinara has somewhat been assimilated to the name of the present-day village of Minare, half an hour below the ruins and depending Fethiye district of Muğla Province, Turkey.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>There was a cult of Pandarus, the Lycian hero of the Trojan War, in Pinara, which led some sources to conclude that he was a native of the city.</p><br>
<p>According to the Lycian history of Menecrates, quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium the city was a colony of Xanthos, its original name would be Artymnesos. This name would have preceded the Lycian language name Pinara, derived from the form "Pilleñni" or "Pinale" meaning a "round hill" or simply "round", based on a hypothesis of interchange of liquid consonants. The town is indeed situated on such a great round mass of rock and a more or less circular crag towers over the ruins. Another source, Panyassis, also mentions an eponymous founder by name Pinarus, son of Tremiles or Termilus, and this account is viewed by some sources as unsubstantial as the rest relating to the precedence of names.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city, though not often mentioned by ancient writers, appears from its vast and beautiful ruins to have been, as Strabo asserts, one of Lycia&#39;s largest, its chief port city until the harbor silted up to form the reed-filled wetlands of today.</p><br>
<p>Yet another rare mention of the city in ancient sources is in connection with the help it provided, along with several other Lycian cities, to Pixodarus of Caria.</p><br>
<p>Pinara was a member of the Lycian League, in which it held three votes. The city surrendered to Alexander the Great in 334 BCE. After Alexander&#39;s death, the city fell to the kingdom of Pergamum. Pinara became a Roman city when Pergamum was willed by its last king Attalus III to the Roman Republic in 133 BCE. The city enjoyed prosperity during Roman rule, but was badly damaged by earthquakes in 141 and 240 CE. In the first occurrence, the city is recorded to have received a contribution from Opramoas for the repair of public buildings.</p><br>
<p>Pinara was Christianized early. Five bishops are known: Eustathius, who signed the formula of Acacius of Cæsarea at the Council of Seleucia in 359; Heliodorus, who signed the letter from the bishops of Lycia to the emperor Leo I the Thracian (458); Zenas, present at the Trullan Council (692); Theodore, at the Second Council of Nicaea (787); Athanasius, at the synod that reinstated Patriarch Photius I of Constantinople (the Photian Council) in 879. Pinara was the birthplace of Nicolas of Myra. Under repeated pressure from invading forces, the city lost its inhabitants in the ninth century.</p><br>
<h2>Scientific discovery</h2><br>
<p>Pinara&#39;s ruins were identified by Sir Charles Fellows. From amidst the ancient city, he says, rises a singular round rocky cliff (the pinara of the Lycians), literally speckled all over with tombs. Beneath this cliff lie the ruins of the extensive and splendid city. The theater is in a very perfect state; all the seats are remaining, with the slanting sides towards the proscenium, as well as several of its doorways. The walls and several of the buildings are of the Cyclopean masonry, with massive gateways formed of three immense stones. The tombs are innumerable, and the inscriptions are in the Lycian characters, but Greek also occurs often on the same tombs. Some of these rock-tombs are adorned with fine and rich sculptures.</p><br>
<p>The Christian bishopric of Pinara, no longer a residential see, is included in the Catholic Church&#39; list of titular sees.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>Tlos is an ancient ruined Lycian hilltop citadel near the resort town of Kalkan in the Antalya Province of southern Turkey, some 4 kilometres northwest of Saklikent Gorge. Tlos is believed to be one of the most important religious Lycian sites and settlement on the site is said to have begun more than 4,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is one of the oldest and largest settlements of Lycia (known as Tlawa in Lycian inscriptions) and was subsequently inhabited by Romans, Byzantines and eventually Ottoman Turks, making it one of few Lycian cities to be continually inhabited up until the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Tlos lies on the east side of the Xanthos valley atop a rocky outcrop that slopes up from a plateau from a modern village, but ends on the west, north and northeast in almost perpendicular cliffs.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>The influence of many cultures upon Tlos has resulted in a patchwork of structures dominated by an acropolis and fortress. On the slopes leading up to the acropolis are numerous Lycian sarcophagi and many house-type of rock tombs and temple-type rock tombs cut into the rock face of the hill. One such is the Tomb of Bellerophon, a large temple-type tomb with an unfinished facade of four columns featuring a relief in its porch of the legendary hero Bellerophon riding on his winged horse so called as Pegasus Pegasus. A carving of a lion or leopard is inside the tomb.</p><br>
<p>At the top of the hill sits the remains of an acropolis and a Lycian fortress, which is evident by the remains of a Lycian wall and Roman-era wall. The Ottomans constructed a fort for the local feudal governor Kanlı Ali Ağa (Bloody Chief Ali) upon the foundations of the fortress.</p><br>
<p>Since early Lycian times, the city&#39;s settlement was likely concentrated on the southern slope and western slopes. Wide terraces with cisterns and the back walls of buildings carved from the rock are found there, as well as an agora, a Roman-era theatre, for plays and concerts, public roman baths and the remains of an early Byzantine church.</p><br>
<p>At the foot of the hill is a Roman stadium with seating capacity for 2,500 people. Only the seats remain and the arena is now a local farmer&#39;s field. Granite columns were strewn about the area, which could indicate a columned portico on the north side of the arena.</p><br>
<p>Parallel with the stadium is what researchers presume is two-storey, 150-metre long market more than 30 feet wide with small rectangular doors and large arched doors in its west wall. The building is constructed of carefully jointed ashlar masonry. At the south end is a wider building with several chambers and four large arched doors. There is also a palaestra to the right of the market hall complex with public baths on its other side.</p><br>
<p>There are two adjacent baths, one smaller and one larger to its north consisting of three equal-size rooms. An apse with seven windows opens the most eastern room towards the south. Known locally as "Yedi Kapılar" ("Seven Gates"), its seven arches overlooks the Tlos Valley below. This room could be the "exedra in the public baths" donated by Opramoas to Tlos and would date the back to 100 CE - 150 CE.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Roman theatre with 34 rows of seats. A portion of the stage building still stands and there are many highly decorated carvings scattered all around. An inscription records that donations have been made for the theatre from private citizens and religious dignitaries, ranging from 3,000 denarii by the priest of Dionysus and high priest of the Cabiria to lesser donations of 100 denarii. The philanthropist Opramoas also made a very large donation for the theatre. It is also known from inscriptions that the theatre was under construction for at least 150 years.</p><br>
<p>The smaller public bath comprises three rooms: two are in the western part of the building and the third is a large rectangular room to the east. Another room to the west may have been part of the complex. All the rooms had barrel-vaulted ceilings.</p><br>
<p>To the north of the smaller bath stood a palaestra. Also near the baths are the remains of a Byzantine church, temple and what is believed to have been the agora (The market place). The latter is located across the road from the theatre.</p><br>
<h2>Importance in the region</h2><br>
<p>Tlos was one of the six principal cities of Lycia (and purportedly one of the most powerful). The city was dubbed "the very brilliant metropolis of the Lycian nation" during the Roman period.</p><br>
<p>There is evidence that Tlos was a member of the Lycian League, to which in 168 BC Rome granted autonomy instead of dependence on Rhodes. Opramoas of Rhodiapolis and another wealthy philanthropist financed much 2nd-century AD for the civic building works in the city.</p><br>
<p>Inscriptions reveal that citizens of Tlos were divided into demes (social subdivisions), and the names of three of them are known: Bellerophon, Iobates and Sarpedon, famous Lycian heroes of legend. A Jewish community is also known to have existed with its own magistrates.</p><br>
<h2>Bishopric</h2><br>
<p>Tlos became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Mira, capital of the Roman province of Lycia. It was represented at the Council of Chalcedon in 451 by its bishop Andreas, who also was a signatory of the letter that in 458 the bishops of the province sent to Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian about the murder of Proterius of Alexandria. Eustathius was at the synod convoked by Patriarch Menas of Constantinople in 536. Ioannes was at the Trullan Council of 692. Constantinus took part in the Second Council of Nicaea (787). Another Andreas was at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879).</p><br>
<p>No longer a residential bishopric, Tlos is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.</p><br>
<p>Among the titular bishops of Tlos were: George Hilary Brown (titular bishop 22 April 1842 &ndash; 29 September 1850, when he was created bishop of Liverpool), Charles-François Baillargeon (titular bishop 14 January 1851 &ndash; 25 August 1867, when he was created Archbishop of Quebec), Martin Griver (titular bishop 1 October 1869 &ndash; 22 July 1873, when he was created bishop of Perth, Australia); Eugène-Louis Kleiner (titular bishop from 17 June 1910 until his death on 19 August 1915); Paciano Aniceto (titular bishop from 7 April 1979 until 20 October 1983, when he was created Bishop of Iba); Carl Anthony Fisher (titular bishop from 23 December 1986 until his death on 2 September 1993).</p><br>
<h2>Rediscovery</h2><br>
<p>Tlos was rediscovered by Charles Fellows in 1838 and he was followed by the explorer Thomas Abel Brimage Spratt, who thought that "a grander site for a great city could scarcely have been selected in all Lycia."</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>In mythology, it was the city inhabited by hero Bellerophon and his winged horse Pegasus. It is known that the king-type tomb in the necropolis is dedicated to Bellerophon.</p><br>
<h2>Modern times</h2><br>
<p>On the opposite hill top, the village of Yaka now co-exists with Tlos. Fields and pomegranate trees make for picturesque scenery. Tlos is a popular destination for tourist from the coastal town such as Fethiye, Kas and Kalkan.</p><br>
<p>At the entrance of the site stands a small white prefabricated ticket hut. Opposite the acropolis are some small cafés with toilet facilities and parking. There is also a natural spring.</p><br>
<p>Steinsdalsfossen  is a waterfall in the village of Steine in the municipality of Kvam in Hordaland county, Norway. The waterfall is located about 2 km west of the large village of Norheimsund which sits along the Hardangerfjorden.</p><br>
<p>The waterfall is one of the most visited tourist sites in Norway. From the parking lot, the path goes along the waterfall, up a hill, and behind it where visitors can walk dryshod "into" the rumbling water. Steinsdalsfossen is 46 m high, with a main drop of 20 m, and has the greatest volume when the snow melts in May and June. Steinsdalsfossen is part of the Fosselva river that comes from the water of the lake Myklavatnet, located 814 m above sea level in the mountains above the waterfall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall was formed in 1699 when the river found a new race.</p><br>
<p>The Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany visited Steinsdalsfossen every summer (apart from two years) from 1889 until the start of World War I in 1914.</p><br>
<p>At Expo 2000 (in Hannover, Germany) Norway was represented with an installation by Marianne Heske of which a 15 m tall copy of Steinsdalsfossen was an important part.</p><br>
<p>Bryn Mawr Film Institute is a non-profit, community-owned movie theater located in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, a town on Philadelphias Main Line. Re-opened in March 2005, with Ben Kingsley present, it currently has over 9,100 supporting members. BMFI shows a wide range of films, including foreign, independent and art house films. Film education is an integral part of the theaters mission; BMFI works with area schools and also offers film studies courses for adults.</p><br>
<h2>History of the theater</h2><br>
<p>The building began life as the Seville Theater. It was designed by Philadelphia architect William Harold Lee, a designer of over 200 theaters. The Seville was built in 1926, one of six theaters built along the Main Line in the 1920s. Originally a one-screen theater, it was later split into two during the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Goals</h2><br>
<p>A three-phased restoration of the theater began soon after the Bryn Mawr Film Institute (which refers to the name of the group founded in 2002 by academic, business and civic leaders from the area) acquired the theater. Phase 1 included refurbishing the lobby, installing new production and sound equipment, modernizing the electrical and heating systems and building a new café. Phase 1 was completed in March 2006 with the installation of the new marquee. Approximately $9 million was raised to complete the theater&#39;s transformation.</p><br>
<p>During Phase II, the Institute finished the restoration of the skylit atrium to its original state, at a cost of $2 million, in March 2009. Other upgrades include classroom space and an elevator. Phase III introduced two additional state-of-the art theaters, and, the two previously existing theaters were also renovated.</p><br>
<p>Khirokitia  is an archaeological site on the island of Cyprus dating from the Neolithic age. It has been listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1998. The site is known as one of the most important and best preserved prehistoric sites of the eastern Mediterranean. Much of its importance lies in the evidence of an organised functional society in the form of a collective settlement, with surrounding fortifications for communal protection. The Neolithic aceramic period is represented by this settlement and around 20 other similar settlements spread throughout the island.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery</h2><br>
<p>The site was discovered in 1934 by Porphyrios Dikaios, director of the Cyprus Department of Antiquities who carried out six excavations between 1934 and 1946. His initial findings were published in The Journal of Hellenic Studies in 1934. Further excavations were then held in the early 70&#39;s but were interrupted by the Turkish invasion of the island. A French mission under the direction of Alain Le Brun resumed excavation of the site in 1977. It was occupied from the 7th until the 4th millennium BC.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The settlement of Khirokitia is situated on the slope of a hill in the valley of the Maroni River towards the southern coast of the island about 6 km from the sea. Subsistence methods practiced by its Neolithic inhabitants included farming crops, herding sheep and goats, and raising pigs. It is a closed village, cut off from the outside world, apart from by the river, by a strong wall of stones 2.5 m thick and 3 m at its highest preserved level. Access into the village was probably via several entry points through the wall. The buildings within this wall consist of round structures huddled close together. The lower parts of these buildings are often of stone and attain massive proportions by constant additions of further skins of stones. Their external diameter varies between 2.3 m and 9.20 m while the internal diameter is only between 1.4 m and 4.80 m. A collapsed flat roof of one building found recently indicates that not all roofs were dome shaped as was originally believed.</p><br>
<p>The internal divisions of each hut were according to the purpose of its usage. Low walls, platforms designated work, rest or storage areas. They had hearths presumably used for cooking and heating, benches and windows and in many cases there is evidence of piers to support an upper floor. It is believed that the huts were like rooms several of which were grouped around an open courtyard and together formed the home. The population of the village at any one time is thought not to have exceeded 300 to 600 inhabitants. The people were rather short – the men about 5 3" on average and the women about 4 11". Infant mortality was very high. On average adult men reached 35 years of age and women 33. The dead were buried in crouched positions just under the floors of the houses. In some instances provision was made for offerings, possibly indicating a form of Ancestor cult within the households. This, the earliest known culture in Cyprus, consisted of a well-organised, developed society mainly engaged in farming, hunting and herding. Farming was mainly of cereal crops. They also picked the fruit of trees growing wild in the surrounding area such as pistachio nuts, figs, olives and prunes. The four main species of animals whose remains were found on the site were deer, sheep, goats and pigs.</p><br>
<p>The village of Choirokoitia was suddenly abandoned for reasons unknown at around 6000 BC and it seems that the island remained uninhabited for about 1500 years until the next recorded entity, the Sotira group. More recent discoveries, however, including several sites in the vicinity of the ancient acropolis of Amathus on the eastern edge of modern Limassol, have filled this chronological gap considerably, revealing that the island was probably occupied continuously at least from the ninth millennium BC. Early communities were small and widely dispersed, so not every region would have been as heavily exploited as later in prehistory</p><br>
<h2>Village Name</h2><br>
<p>According to the dominating opinion the name of the village is a composite of the word "Khiros" (hog / pig) and the word "Kiti", thus suggesting an area where pigs were raised. Other sources claim that the original name was "Sidirokitida", thus an area were iron was found. It is also said that it might have originated from the word "Khirogetia", which implies the practice of palmistry. According yet to another opinion, it may have originated from some initial name like "Ierokitida" (Sacred place). Yet more imaginative opinions claim that the name came from the words "gyros" and "oikia" due to the fact that the prehistoric huts are round. Furthermore, tradition has it that the name is derived from the phrase "Chere Kitia" a phrased used by the Queen "Rigena" to address a certain female friend of hers from Kition. It was also claimed that maybe the name originated from the plant Annona cherimola, which is found cultivated in Cyprus under the more simple name "Cheromolia", although this is considered very unlikely. At any rate, in old maps the village is marked as either Cherochetica or as Chierochitia.</p><br>
<p>Tyler Arboretum is a nonprofit arboretum located at 515 Painter Road, Media, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. It is open daily except for major holidays; an admission fee is charged to non-members.</p><br>
<p>The property&#39;s history began in 1681, when William Penn signed a "lease and release" agreement with Thomas Minshall, an English Quaker, for property in Pennsylvania that contained the site now occupied by the Arboretum. Between 1681 and 1944, the property was home to eight generations of the same family. The Arboretum itself started in 1825 when two brothers, Jacob and Minshall Painter, set aside land to systematically plant more than 1,000 varieties of trees and shrubs. In 1944, descendant Laura Tyler bequeathed the property, in memorial to her husband John J. Tyler, to be a nonprofit arboretum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Today, Tyler Arboretum attracts 70,000 visitors a year to its 650-acre campus and boasts 17 miles of pathways and hiking trails. The horticultural collections include the following major features:</p><br>
<p>The original Painter Trees: 1. Lebanon Cedar (Cedrus libani), a Pennsylvania state champion; 2. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba); 3. Yulan Magnolia (Magnolia denudata), a Pennsylvania state champion; 4. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum); 5. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 6. Osage-orange (Maclura pomifera), blown down by a hurricane in 1954, just the rot-resistant trunk remains; 7. Cucumbertree Magnolia (Magnolia acuminata); 8. Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum); 9. Leatherleaf Mahonia (Mahonia bealei); 10. Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera); 11. Yellow Buckeye (Aesculus flava); 12. River Birches - 2 (Betula nigra); 13. Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), the largest giant sequoia in Pennsylvania and possibly in the eastern United States; 14. White Oaks -2 (Quercus alba); 15. Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor); 16. Sweetgums - 2 (Liquidambar styraciflua); 17. Corsican Pine (Pinus nigra spp. laricio); 18. Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum); 19. American Linden (Tilia americana); 20. Common Pear (Pyrus communis); and 21. Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis), a Pennsylvania state champion.</p><br>
<p>Ornamentals: collections of flowering cherry (begun in 1951 with 45 plants representing 23 species and varieties); magnolia (begun 1951); crabapple (1951–1953); rhododendron (begun 1959 with more than 500 rhododendrons and 200 azaleas); holly; and lilac.</p><br>
<p>Pinetum (34 ha / 85 acres, begun in 1954), containing pines, spruces, hemlocks, firs, cedars, cypresses and larches</p><br>
<p>Native Woodland Walk (begun in 1970)</p><br>
<p>Meadow Maze, a recent four-ring labyrinth of meadow grasses based on a classical seven-ringed design</p><br>
<p>Pink Hill, a serpentine barren of serpentine stone with wildflowers</p><br>
<p>Uncultivated land (180 ha / 450 acres) that remain natural and contain 32 km / 17 miles of marked hiking trails.</p><br>
<p>Wister Rhododendron Collection, a collection of more than 500 rhododendrons.</p><br>
<p>Posillipo is a residential quarter of Naples, southern Italy, located along the northern coast of the Gulf of Naples; it is called Pusilleco in the Neapolitan language.</p><br>
<p>From the 1st century BC the Bay of Naples witnessed the rise of villas constructed by elite Romans along the most panoramic points of the coast, who had chosen the area as a favourite vacation spot. The remains of some of these can be seen today in the archaeological park and elsewhere.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The houses at water&#39;s edge all have at least small piers or landings, and there are even a few small coves with breakwaters along the way. These small harbors are the nuclei for separate, named communities such as Gaiola and Marechiaro, with the characteristic "Large rock".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The French Homeric scholar Victor Bérard identified Posillipo as the land of Homer&#39;s Cyclopes. It is mentioned in ancient Greek and Roman sources and the Greeks first named this rocky, wooded height at the western end of the Bay of Naples Pausílypon, meaning "respite from worry".</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century the property of the site of the imperial villa passed to the family Maza who, for several generations, showed an interest in archaeology and Francesco Maria Maza (circ. 1680) was the author of inscriptions which he affixed to the so-called Piscine of V.Pollio and to the Temple of Fortune which were in situ in 1913. However the Maza collection was dispersed and the loss to archaeological science was irreparable as a catalogue had never been prepared. Several objects of art from Posillipan sites found their way into the hands of Spanish collectors, and are still no doubt among the Roman antiquities in Spain. Many fine pieces were taken to Mergellina and lost among the other ornaments of the villa of the Duke of Medina.</p><br>
<p>In 1820 the southern portion of the property was purchased by a well-known Neapolitan archaeologist, Cavaliere Guglielmo Bechi, and his name was associated with the Villa for more than half a century. He did much excavation, but again without publication of results.</p><br>
<p>In 1841 more methodical excavations were begun on the adjoining property to the west of the ancient lane that led down the valley from the Seiano cave to the sea. The principal buildings of that part of the Villa were soon brought to light; the Theatre, an Odeon, and the remains of a Portico overlooking the sea. An oblong building called the Temple was also found and the remains of an aqueduct.</p><br>
<p>In about 1870 the Marchese del Tufo opened a quarry for pozzolana clearing away the central part of what had been a broad continuous terrace along the south front of the property in Roman times. The buildings that stood on the hillside above the terrace, including the southern part of the baths, fell down the slope into the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Roman Monuments</h2><br>
<p>The archaeological park is one of the most beautiful places in the city and along the coast of Posillipo.</p><br>
<p>Among the most important sites are the Seiano cave, the underwater park of Gaiola, the imperial villa of Pausilypon, the Odeon, the theatre and the Palace of the Spirits.</p><br>
<h3>Imperial Villa</h3><br>
<p>The ruins of the Roman villa of Vedius Pollio, also known as the Imperial Villa, include a 2000-seat theatre on the rocky promontary at the end of the Bay of Naples. Some of the villa&#39;s rooms can be seen with traces of the wall decorations while its marine structures and fish ponds are now part of the neighbouring submerged Gaiola (Park) Park.</p><br>
<p>The villa was built in the first century BC by Publius Vedius Pollio. On his death in 15 BC, the villa was bequeathed to Augustus, and remained in imperial possession for his successors at least until Hadrian, as witnessed by a stamped water pipe. In various points the presence of water supply pipes (coated with hydraulic mortar) show the opulence of the facilities.</p><br>
<p>Augustus demolished at least part of the house and constructed in its place a colonnade in honour of his wife Livia, which he dedicated in 7 BC.</p><br>
<p>The Palace of the Spirits is an archaeological complex on the coast near Marechiaro and was the nympheum of the villa and also built in the first century BC.</p><br>
<p>The submerged parts of the ruins of the imperial villa and the rich and diverse marine and coastal natural environment can be seen via boat excursions.</p><br>
<h3>Other Sights</h3><br>
<p>The 700 metre-long tunnel of the Seiano cave or Crypta Neapolitana passes beneath the Posillipo hill and connects Naples with the Phlegrean Fields and the town of Pozzuoli along the road known as the via Domiziana. The eastern entrance is within the archaeological park. The first tunnel was built by Agrippa to connect the villa Vedius Pollio and other patrician villas of Pausilypon to the ports of Puteoli and Cumae. Three secondary branching tunnels end in openings overhanging the bay to provide light and ventilation.</p><br>
<p>The site is also noteworthy for the so-called Virgil&#39;s tomb.</p><br>
<p>The remains of other Roman houses can be seen in Marechiaro along the beach, or at Calata Ponticello where there is an Ionic column base and a brick niche. On the cliff towards Gaiola are the remains of the "House of the Spirits" also called "Villarosa". Further along the coast to the west is the perimeter of the "Virgil School" where it was believed that the "prophet" practiced magical arts.</p><br>
<p>The grandeur and luxury of these villas are documented in the George Vallet Archaeological museum which hosts a model of the villa Pollio and a colossal marble statue.</p><br>
<p>The Roman aqueduct supplying the coastal villas was a branch of the Serino or Aqua Augusta (Naples) and was discovered in 1882 when the Grotta Nuova di Posilipo was made for a tramway through the hill. Ancient inscriptions found inside the tunnel verify that it fed the villa of Felix Pollio, among others, mainly intended for the nymphaeum and the baths.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Developments</h2><br>
<p>The area remained largely undeveloped until a road, via Posillipo, was built between 1812 and 1824. That road starts at sea-level at the Mergellina harbor and moves up the coast, roughly parallel to the shore. The School of Posillipo was started by Anton Sminck Pitloo painting marine shore landscapes from this area.</p><br>
<p>The area has been heavily overbuilt since the end of World War II, but contains some notable historical buildings and landmarks. Among these is the Villa Rosebery, the Italian President&#39;s residence during his stays in Naples. It also contains a Mausoleum to those who died for their country, the Mausoleo Schilizzi.</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>Posillipo has given its name to Naples&#39; waterpolo team, Circolo Nautico Posillipo.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood was seat of the homonym circuit which hosted the Grand Prix of Naples between 1933 and 1962.</p><br>
<h2>Famous residents</h2><br>
<p>Vedius Pollio</p><br>
<p>Augustus</p><br>
<p>Hadrian</p><br>
<p>George Norman Douglas (1868-1952) Scottish-Austrian travel and novel writer. In 1897 lived in Villa Maya, Posillipo Naples, Italy.</p><br>
<p>Oscar Wilde completed "The Ballad of Reading Gaol" while residing in Posillipo in 1897.</p><br>
<p>Posillipo is the birthplace of Franco Alfano, the Italian composer and pianist best known for completing Turandot.</p><br>
<p>Sándor Márai, the author of Embers, lived in Posillipo between 1948 and 1952; his novel "San Gennaro vére" ("Blood of San Gennaro") is set in Naples.</p><br>
<p>It may well also have been the residence of Virgil, the Roman poet of, most famously, the Aeneid.</p><br>
<p>Franco Ambrosio, the wheat magnate and Formula One racing team sponsor, lived in Posillipo until his death in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Giambattista Basile was born in Posillipo in 1575. It is also the setting of one of his first works Le Avventurose Disavventure (The Adventurous Misadventures) published in 1611.</p><br>
<p>Ras Nouadhibou  is a 40-mile peninsula or headland divided between Mauritania and Western Sahara on the African coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is internationally known as Cabo Blanco in Spanish or Cap Blanc in French .</p><br>
<p>In the 14th and 15th centuries, fishing activities carried out from the nearby Canary Islands, by Spanish fishermen, inspired Spain to develop an interest in the desert coast of what is today called Western Sahara.</p><br>
<p>Cabo Blanco, in the Atlantic Ocean, is the only place in the world where Mediterranean monk seals form a true colony. In 1997, two-thirds of the colony died off, but there has been gradual recovery since.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The headland forms the western limit of Dakhlet Nouadhibou Bay.</p><br>
<p>This thin stretch of land is divided between Mauritania and Western Sahara. On the western side lies the ghost town of La Guera; on the eastern side, less than a mile from the border, lies Mauritania&#39;s Nouadhibou (formerly Port Etienne).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Portuguese sailing explorers first reached the location they called Cabo Branco in 1441. The Spanish interest in Western Africa, in the desert coast of the Sahara, resulted from fishing activities carried out from the Canary Islands by Spanish fishermen, who also hunted and traded seal. The Spanish fished and whaled off the Sahara coast from Dakhla to Ras Nouadhibou from 1500 to the present, ranging from whaling humpback whales and likely North Atlantic right whales and whale calves, mostly in Cape Verde, the Guinea gulf in Annobon, and the São Tomé and Príncipe islands.</p><br>
<p>These fishing activities have had a negative impact on wildlife and caused the disappearance or endangerment of many species of marine mammals and birds.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish originally claimed the land from 20° 51 N (near Cap Blanc) to 26° 8 N (near Cape Bojador) in 1885. This protectorate was governed from the Canary Islands in 1887. France would later claim the Western Sahara. At a joint convention held in 1900, the French and Spanish settled the boundary, dividing the area between Spanish Sahara and French West Africa. Today, the same border separates Western Sahara from Mauretania. However, the western side is currently policed by Mauritania, as neither Morocco nor the Polisario Front occupies the area.</p><br>
<p>A lighthouse was constructed on the cape in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Monk seals</h2><br>
<p>The Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) former range extended throughout the Northwest Atlantic Africa, Mediterranean and Black Sea, coastlines, including all offshore islands of the Mediterranean, and into the Atlantic and its islands: Canary, Madeira, Ilhas desertas, Porto Santo... as far west as the Azores. Vagrants could be found as far south as Gambia and the Cape Verde islands, and as far north as continental Portugal and Atlantic France. Today, the cape hosts the largest surviving single population of the species, and the only remaining site which still seems to preserve a colony structure. In the summer of 1997, two-thirds of its seal population were wiped out within two months, extremely compromising the species viable population. While opinions on the precise causes of this epidemic remain divided (the most likely cause being a morbilivirus or, more likely, a toxic algae bloom,) the mass die-off emphasized the precarious status of a species already regarded as critically endangered throughout its range.</p><br>
<p>While still far below the early 1997 count, numbers in this all-important location have started a slow-paced recovery ever since. Currently, the population in this location is estimated at 270 individuals, down from some 310 in 1997, but still the largest single colony by far. The threat of a similar incident that could wipe out the entire population remains.</p><br>
<h2>In literature</h2><br>
<p>Captain James Rileys captivity memoir, Sufferings in Africa (1815), recounts his and his mens experiences after beaching their ship at what is thought to be Cabo Blanco.</p><br>
<p>Robert Adams&#39;s Narrative recounts a similar experience.</p><br>
<p>The Pharaon from The Count of Monte Cristo sinks between here and Cape Bojador.</p><br>
<p>Cape Blanco is mentioned briefly in the novel Moby Dick.</p><br>
<p>Also referenced in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle&#39;s short story, F. Habakuk Jephson’s Statement.</p><br>
<p>Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park is a Florida State Park in Flagler Beach, Florida. It is three miles west of Flagler Beach on CR 2001, south of SR 100, and contains the ruins of an ante-bellum plantation and its sugar mill, built of coquina sedimentary rock, made up of crushed shells. It was the largest plantation in East Florida.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation was developed beginning in 1821 by Major Charles Wilhelm Bulow, who acquired 4,675 acres on a tidal creek (later Bulow Creek). With the labor of enslaved Africans, he cleared 2,200 acres for the cultivation of commodity crops: indigo, cotton, rice, and sugarcane. At his death in 1823, his seventeen-year-old son, John Joachim Bulow inherited the property and managed it. At Christmas 1831 into January 1832, Bulow hosted the artist and naturalist John James Audubon, who explored the area in his continuing study of American birds. About that time, Bulow had a sugar mill constructed on his property. The plantation was destroyed in the Seminole War of 1836.</p><br>
<p>The property and ruins were acquired by the State of Florida in 1945 and dedicated as a State Historic Park in 1957. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 29 September 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Among the wildlife of the park are bald eagles, swallow-tailed kites, and Florida manatees.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational activities</h2><br>
<p>Activities include hiking, fishing, wildlife viewing, canoeing and kayaking, and picnicking. Amenities include a 6.8 mile hiking trail, a boat ramp, and a screened picnic pavilion. Bulow Creek is recognized as a State Canoe Trail. The park&#39;s interpretive center features original artifacts and exhibits about the Bulow Plantation.</p><br>
<h2>Hours</h2><br>
<p>The park is open between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM Thursday through Monday. Bulow Plantation Ruins Historic State Park is closed on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.</p><br>
<p>Mount Yōtei is an inactive stratovolcano located in Shikotsu-Toya National Park, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is also called Yezo Fuji or Ezo Fuji, "Ezo" being an old name for the island of Hokkaido, because it resembles Mount Fuji. The mountain is also known as Makkari Nupuri and Mount Shiribeshi. It is one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Yotei is mostly composed of andesite and dacite. The stratovolcano is symmetrical adding to its resemblance to Mount Fuji.</p><br>
<h3>Eruptive history</h3><br>
<p>Tephrochronology indicates two eruptions at Mount Yotei. The most recent circa 1050 BC from a cone emerging from the northwest flank of the mountain at Lake Hangetsu. The earlier eruption is dated from circa 3550 BC.</p><br>
<p>The Waterbury Union Station building is located on Meadow Street in the city of Waterbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a brick building dating to the first decade of the 20th century. Its tall clock tower, built by the Seth Thomas Company, is the city&#39;s most prominent landmark.</p><br>
<p>Designed by the New York City architectural firm of McKim, Mead and White for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, it handled 66 passenger trains a day at its peak. Later in the 20th century, when the citys rail service had declined to its current level of one commuter route, the buildings interior was closed. Today it is in use again as the offices of the Republican-American, Waterbury&#39;s daily newspaper.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The station building is located just west of downtown Waterbury, where Meadow and Grand streets intersect. To its north and south are other industrial buildings; southwest is the current platform station used by Metro-North and its parking facilities. On the west are 12 tracks, most of which are rarely used; beyond them are industrial buildings, the Naugatuck River and the Connecticut Route 8 freeway. A short distance down Meadow Street are the on-ramps to the Interstate 84 viaduct carrying it over the river, tracks and Route 8.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>There are four sections to the building, counting the clock tower. The two-story main block has a low hip roof with the clock tower rising from the southeast corner. Two wings with a tiled hip roof project from either side of the main block. All are of brick laid in common bond on a granite foundation; at the roofline is a roll molding of terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>On the east (front) facade of the main block are three two-story round-arched window openings, filled in near the top where a new floor was later added. They are outlined in terra cotta in a stylized vine pattern, bordered by pearl, egg-and-dart and anthemion molding. Spacing them are four round medallions made of two rings of raised radial brick and a raised ring of fasces molding. Above is a course of terra cotta round-arched corbel table topped by egg-and-dart, a frieze with cherubs and projecting leaf molding. The level above has a series of small rectangular windows, three above each arch and one above each medallion. At the roofline is a cornice similar to the one below but more intricate, with carved modillions, a fluted frieze and wide carved cyma molding. The west facade is similar, although smaller windows and awnings have been added.</p><br>
<p>The lower two stages of the square tower have one narrow opening and the same cornices as the rest of the main block. Above its roofline the tower is plain for most of its 240 ft height, except for some rows of small openings. The station clock faces on each side, marked in Roman numerals, are three-quarters of the way to the top. They and the clock hands are in cast aluminum. Above long tapered corbels support a balcony with heraldric shields on its stone rail. Gargoyles project from each corner. The last stage, the belfry, has tall round-arched windows, another set of gargoyles and a tiled hip roof.</p><br>
<p>Both wings are similar. They are narrower than the main building, with east and west facades decorated with an arcade of seven rounded arches. Each is slightly recessed, with a rectangular window. On the north wings east facade, windows have been added to the previously blind arch portion to provide illumination for the second story. A simpler version of the main block cornice, with dentils and cyma molding at the arches springline, give a capital-like appearance to the piers between the arches.</p><br>
<p>A printing press was added to the north wing to support the newspaper. It is small and architecturally sympathetic, lessening the impact of its disruption of the building&#39;s overall symmetry. On the west of the south wing is a gabled remnant of the original platform shelter, supported by iron trusses on center posts and cables from the building. A shed roof on large iron brackets at the south end, formerly the baggage handling area, is now a default waiting area for Metro-North passengers in inclement weather.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Inside, the Republican-American has made changes to accommodate its purposes. Most prominently, the main block and north wing have had a second story added. In the offices on the new second floor some of the original vaulted ceiling, with large light-colored tiles in a herringbone pattern. The window surrounds have similarly lavish decorations as the exterior, with two bands of terra cotta separated by dentils done in leaves and pearl molding. The buff brick walls likewise has a dentilled cornice with an engaged baluster-and-ring turning and a wide cyma molding done in a stylized floral pattern.</p><br>
<p>The south wing&#39;s interior, originally a restaurant, remained in use as a waiting room. Inside it has some original decor suggesting that purpose. They include brass ticket windows, a long Mission style wooden bench, iron radiator grill and marble baseboards and sills. Its vaulted ceiling and walls are done in plaster.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the early years of the 20th century, the city of Waterbury, then prosperous and growing, began working with the New Haven and other railroads serving it on an urban renewal program to clear the way for a newer, larger station they all needed. Streets were straightened and buildings demolished in the neighborhood to the east. A small park replaced some of them.</p><br>
<p>McKim, Mead & Whites design, extravagant in size and decoration, was meant to symbolize the citys prosperity and the railroads importance to it. As many as 66 passenger trains served Waterbury at the peak of its traffic. The firms design is different from its typically academic style in its efforts to unite the interior and exterior through similar materials and decorative themes, as well as the vaulted ceiling echoing the arches of the windows. The light reflecting off the warm interior colors through the large arched windows of the main facade made the building particularly welcoming at night.</p><br>
<p>A year after construction began, the president of one of the railroads asked for a clock tower, given Waterburys proximity to the Seth Thomas plant. McKim obliged with one based on the 14th-century Torre del Mangia in Siena, Italy. Architectural historian Carroll Meeks, in The Railroad Station: An Architectural History, believes that model was chosen as a deliberate rebuke to architectural amateurs such as the rail executive. The clock tower dominated the citys skyline then</p><br>
<p>when most travelers arrive in the city via interstate highway instead of the train.</p><br>
<p>In summer 1909, the completed station was opened. As intended, it catalyzed development in the neighborhood. A few years later, the American Brass Company, representing another industry identified with the city and region, built new headquarters across Meadow Street from the station. Its architecture closely harmonized in size and material with the station.</p><br>
<p>The station continued to be used as intercity rail service to the city declined and then stopped in the later decades of the 20th century. The last commercial service out the station was by the Penn Central railroad company. In the 1970s one of the two newspapers that later became the Republican-American moved into the building, modifying it on the inside and out for that purpose. At that time the south wing was still being used by Metro-North commuter rail passengers as a waiting area; since then that portion of the interior has been closed off and a new platform built.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church is a historic Episcopal church at 420 Christ Church Road in Lancaster County, Virginia, north of Irvington. Built in 1732-35, it is notable for its unique Georgian design, and is one of the best-preserved colonial churches in the southern United States. The church is the only colonial Virginia church that still has its original high-backed pews and one of two that has maintained its original three-tiered pulpit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first church erected at the site was a wooden building, the construction of which was funded by powerful landowner John Carter in 1670. Carter died before the construction was completed, but was buried on the church grounds alongside four of his five wives.</p><br>
<p>John Carter’s son Robert, a wealthy vestryman and planter, decided that the parish deserved a more substantial place of worship and, in 1730, funded and supervised the construction of a brick building on the approximate foundations of the old wooden church. Christ Church was connected to Robert Carter’s Corotoman mansion by way of a cedar-lined road, in order to emphasize the importance of the benefactor and his family.</p><br>
<p>The church thrived until the disestablishment of the Anglican church in Virginia in 1786. This event, coupled with the Glebe Act of 1802, which authorized the state to seize church property, crippled the Anglican (now Episcopal) church in the state, and Christ Church lost both money and parishioners. Operating only intermittently in the 19th century, the church fell into disrepair; the Carter family tombs in the yard were subject to weathering and neglect, and vandals stole bricks from the exterior. Still, the church fared better than many other colonial churches, and in 1927 the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities began work on restoration of the site.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The unknown original architect endowed the structure with many of the hallmarks of the Georgian style, including a formal, symmetrical layout, pedimented facades, and classical detail.</p><br>
<p>Among the more noted features of the churchs interior are its high-backed box pews, which held entire families at service. Its unique wineglass pulpit reflected contemporary Anglican church practice to deemphasize mystery in religious observance—it is located in the buildings center, and the three levels of lecterns were intended to show the relative importance of the readings delivered there. The bottom tier was for community announcements, the middle for the gospel, and the top tier was reserved for the delivery of the sermon.</p><br>
<h2>Current Use</h2><br>
<p>Today, Christ Church is owned and operated as a museum by the non-profit Foundation for Historic Christ Church, which has almost completely restored its 18th-century appearance. The church was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961. Religious services are still held at 8:00 a.m on Sundays in the summer months in cooperation with nearby Grace Church (Kilmarnock, Virginia).</p><br>
<p>Avdalen is a small side valley of the main Utladalen valley in the municipality of Årdal in Sogn og Fjordane county, Norway. It is located within the Utladalen Landscape Protection Area, which was established along with the adjacent Jotunheim National Park in 1980 and covers about 300 km&sup2;. A blues concert is held at Avdalen each year in June&mdash;it has become increasingly popular.</p><br>
<p>The Årdal mountain touring club maintains a staffed lodge at the former (Avdalen gård). The Avdal farm was first occupied in 16th century and was vacated in 1962. The farm is located above the magnificent Avdalsfossen waterfall, about 3 km south of Vetti. The farm has undergone a restoration, and currently provides meals as well as accommodation for tourists. It can be reached by a 2 km car ride from Øvre Årdal to Hjelle, followed by a 45-minute hike. The last part of the hike is very steep and illustrates the challenge of daily life for the former residents.</p><br>
<p>The Airtight Bridge is a steel bridge spanning the Embarras River in Coles County, Illinois, in the United States 8 mi north of Charleston, Illinois. The bridge is a Pratt through truss bridge with a steel structure, a wooden deck, and concrete piers. The bridge was built in 1914 by the Decatur Bridge Company and designed by engineer Claude L. James. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. It reportedly got its name from the unnatural stillness encountered when crossing it.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, a dismembered corpse was found on the east bank of the river 30 yards downstream from the bridge, causing quite a stir in the local media. Police investigated for years, but were unable to determine the identity of the victim until 1992, when DNA testing produced a match to a missing person from Kankakee, Illinois. Once a cold case investigated by the Illinois State Police, the victim&#39;s husband was charged with the murder on March 2, 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Utah Temple  was completed in 1884, and is the fourth temple built by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Located in the city of Logan, Utah, it was the second temple built in the Rocky Mountains, after the St. George Utah Temple which remains the only LDS temple that has been in operation longer than the Logan Temple.</p><br>
<p>The temple in Logan was announced on May 18, 1877, just after the dedication of the St. George Temple in April 1877. The site of the Logan Temple had been held in reserve for many years. It was used as a park and public grounds before being dedicated as the site for the temple. The Salt Lake Temple had been announced in 1847, but construction was still underway and would not be completed until 1893, so the Logan and St. George temples were built to satisfy the church&#39;s need for temples.</p><br>
<p>Roughly 25,000 people worked on the Logan Temple. Rocks and timber used for the temple were hauled from the Temple Fork area of Logan Canyon. As completion of the temple neared, women in the area were asked to make carpets for the temple, since commercially made carpet could not be bought in Utah at that time. The women spent two months working to hand make two thousand square yards of carpet.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Temple was the second temple to be completed in the Utah area and is the church&#39;s sixth largest temple. It was built on a 9 acre plot selected by Brigham Young and has 4 ordinance rooms and 11 sealing rooms, with a total floor area of 119,619 ft&sup2;.The design by the church’s head architect, Truman O. Angell, had two towers and was based on the same pattern as the Salt Lake Temple, with a large assembly hall and other similar rooms. On May 17, 1884 the Logan Temple was dedicated by LDS Church president John Taylor. The design incorporates an unusual amount of Gothic detailing compared with other temples, which are more Renaissance or Byzantine-inspired.</p><br>
<p>In 1917, a fire destroyed much of the southeast stairway of the Logan Temple. Forty thousand dollars was spent to repair it within three months. In 1949, the temple was remodeled and received updated lighting, heating, air conditioning, elevators, and other modern conveniences. In 1977, more remodeling was undertaken and the interior was completely gutted and redone. After remodeling, the temple was rededicated on March 13, 1979 by church president Spencer W. Kimball.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Temple was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Temple presidents</h2><br>
<p>Notable temple presidents have included: Marriner W. Merrill (1884–1906); William Budge (1906–18); ElRay L. Christiansen (1943–52); Vaughn J. Featherstone (2002–05); and W. Rolfe Kerr (2008–11). The current temple president is Glen O. Jenson. (2015-</p><br>
<p>The Deer Creek Dam and Reservoir hydroelectric facilities are on the Provo River in western Wasatch County, about 16 mi northeast of Provo, Utah. The dam is a zoned earthfill structure 235 ft high with a crest length of 1,304 ft. The dam contains 2,810,000 cubic yards  of material and forms a reservoir of 152,570 acre.foot capacity. Construction began in May 1938 and was completed in 1941. The reservoir supplies water for agricultural, municipal and industrial use. Recreational activities on and around the reservoir include boating, fishing, camping, swimming and water skiing.</p><br>
<p>The Deer Creek Dam is the key structure of the Provo River Project managed by the USA Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation.</p><br>
<p>Deer Creek Reservoir is the main feature of Deer Creek State Park.</p><br>
<p>Deer Creek is home to several fish species, including Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass, Rainbow Trout, Brown Trout, Yellow Perch, Walleye and Common Carp.</p><br>
<p>The Manti Utah Temple  is the fifth constructed temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . Located in the city of Manti, Utah, it was the third LDS temple built west of the Mississippi River, after the Mormons&#39; trek westward.  The Manti Temple was designed by William Harrison Folsom, who moved to Manti while the temple was under construction. The temple dominates the Sanpete Valley, and can be seen from many miles. Like all LDS temples, only church members in good standing may enter. It is one of only two remaining LDS temples in the world where live actors are used in the endowment ceremonies ; all other temples use films in the presentation of the endowment. It is an early pioneering example of four rooms representing the journey of life.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brigham Young announced the decision to build an LDS temple in Manti on June 25, 1875, and dedicated the site on April 25, 1877. On the day of the dedication, Young took Warren S. Snow to the southeast corner of the temple site and told him, “Here is the spot where the Prophet Moroni stood and dedicated this piece of land for a Temple site, and that is the reason why the location is made here, and we can’t move it from this spot.”</p><br>
<p>The Salt Lake Temple had been announced in 1847, but construction was still underway and not finished until 1893. The Manti Temple was built, along with the St. George and Logan temples, to satisfy the church&#39;s immediate need for these structures. The site for the temple was the Manti Stone Quarry, a large hill immediately northeast of town. Early Mormon settlers in the area had prophesied that this would be the site of a temple. When Young announced the building of the temple, he also announced that the 27 acre plot would then be known as "Temple Hill."</p><br>
<p>The temple was completed in 1888, and a private dedication was held on May 17, 1888, with a prayer written by Wilford Woodruff. Three public dedications were held on May 21&ndash;23, 1888, and were directed by Lorenzo Snow.</p><br>
<p>The Manti Temple was the location of the Holy of Holies until the Salt Lake Temple was dedicated. The room was then used for sealings until it was closed in the late 1970s.</p><br>
<p>A 1966 study found that 52 percent of temple work was being done in either the Salt Lake, Logan, or Manti temples, even though there were 13 operating temples by that time. This led to the building of the Ogden and Provo temples to relieve the strain on the older pioneer-era temples.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations</h2><br>
<p>The Manti Temple has undergone various remodeling and renovations. Construction of a great stone stairway leading up the hill to the west temple doors began in 1907. In 1935, the temple was fully lit at night for the first time. In 1940 the stone stairs were removed and work began to beautify the grounds. Between 1944 and 1945 the annex, chapel, kitchen, Garden Room, and men’s and women’s areas were remodeled. There was once a tunnel beneath the east tower of the temple through which wagons and cars could pass, but it was closed off in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 church officials decided that the interior of the temple needed extensive remodeling. The renovation took four years, during which murals and original furniture were restored, offices were enlarged and remodeled, a separate door was made to the baptistry, water and weather damage were repaired, an elevator was installed, and locker rooms were improved among many other projects. In June 1985, Gordon B. Hinckley directed the rededication ceremonies. Exterior preservation efforts have also occurred since that time.</p><br>
<h2>Style</h2><br>
<p>The Manti Temple combines the Gothic Revival, French Renaissance Revival, French Second Empire, and Colonial architectural styles. The temple has 100,373 ft&sup2; of floor space, eight sealing rooms, four ordinance rooms, and a Celestial room. The exterior is made of fine-textured, cream-colored oolite limestone from quarries in the hill on which the temple now stands. The two towers of the temple are 179 ft tall, and the open center spiral staircases inside the towers are marvels of pioneer ingenuity.</p><br>
<h2>Temple presidents</h2><br>
<p>Notable temple presidents have included: Daniel H. Wells (1888–91); Anthon H. Lund (1891–93); John D. T. McAllister (1893–1906); Robert D. Young (1933–43); Jack H. Goaslind Jr. (2000–03); and Ed J. Pinegar (2009–12). The current temple president is Lon B. Nally (2015–).</p><br>
<p>Hidaka Mountains is a mountain range in southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. It runs 150 km from Mount Sahoro or Karikachi Pass in central Hokkaidō south, running into the sea at Cape Erimo. It consists of folded mountains that range from 1,500 to 2,000 metres in height. Mount Poroshiri is the highest at 2,053 m. The Hidaka Mountains separate the subprefectures of Hidaka and Tokachi. Most of the range lies in the Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park . Since the mountain range lies so far north, the alpine climate zone lies at a lower altitude.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Hidaka Mountains formed in the late Quaternary as part of the outer arc of the western end of the Kuril Island Arc. They were formed by the uplift resulting from the collision with the Kuril arc and the Northeast Japan Arc. The Hidaka mountains no longer appear to be uplifting.</p><br>
<p>The western end of the range is high P/T metamorphoseed Jurassic accretionary complex as part of the Kamuikotan belt. This is characterized by sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous and Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous periods. The eastern end of the range is tertiary metamorphic rock as part of the Hidaka Metamorphic belt. This is characterized by low to medium pressure metamorphic rocks with sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous-Lower Miocene. Plutonic rocks intrude into these structures. For the most part, the Hidaka mountains are composed of schists, migmatites, gneisses, and granites.</p><br>
<h2>Glaciation</h2><br>
<p>The Hidaka mountains are the only mountains in Hokkaido to show evidence of glaciation. This occurs above 1,400 m, where one can find moraines and more than 20 cirques from Mount Kitatottabetsu in the north to Mount Toyoni in the south.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Mount Apoi is known for endemic alpine plant life, such as Callianthemum miyabeanum. The Hidaka Mountains are also one of the last refuges of the Hokkaido bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).</p><br>
<p>The mountains can be divided into four zones. The topmost zone (1,400–1,600 m) is colonized by Siberian dwarf pine and other alpine flora. From 1,200–1,300 m is occupied by Betula ermanii. The zone above 500 m is occupied by Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis along with broad-leafed trees. The lowest zone below 500 m is occupied by broad-leafed trees, including Quercus mongolica, Acer pictum subsp. mono and Cercidiphyllum japonicum.</p><br>
<p>Resident bird species include hazel grouse, black woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, white-backed woodpecker, goldcrest, Eurasian treecreeper, and spotted nutcracker. Summer visitors to the Hidaka Mountains include Japanese accentor, Siberian blue robin, Japanese robin, red-flanked bluetail, Siberian thrush, Eastern crowned warbler, narcissus flycatcher, blue-and-white flycatcher, dark-sided flycatcher, grey bunting, and Eurasian bullfinch. Notable bird species that transit the Hidaka mountains are Arctic warbler and eyebrowed thrush.</p><br>
<h2>List of passes and tunnels</h2><br>
<p>The major passes and tunnels through the Hidaka Mountains are as follows:</p><br>
<p>Hidaka Pass</p><br>
<p>Karikachi Pass</p><br>
<p>Nisshō Pass and tunnel</p><br>
<p>Nozuka pass and tunnel</p><br>
<h2>List of peaks by height</h2><br>
<p>Mountains of the Hidaka range in order of elevation:</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Paul Hunt, Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer&#39;s Guide to the Mountain Trails, Tokyo, Kodansha International Ltd., 1988. and C0075</p><br>
<p>Shyun Umezawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, and Jun Nakagawa, Hokkaidō Natsuyama Gaido 4: Hidaka Sanmyaku no Yamayama (北海道夏山ガイド4日高山脈の山やま), Sapporo, The Hokkaido Shimbun Press, 1991.</p><br>
<p>Red Bluff Reservoir is a reservoir on the Pecos River 40 miles  north of Pecos, Texas. The reservoir extends into Loving and Reeves Counties in Texas, and Eddy County in New Mexico. The northern shoreline of the reservoir is the lowest point in the state of New Mexico. The reservoir was formed in 1936 by the construction of a dam by the Red Bluff Water Control District to provide water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The reservoir is also used for recreational activities.</p><br>
<h2>Fish and plant life</h2><br>
<p>Red Bluff Reservoir (elevation 2,842 feet above sea level) has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing and swimming. Fish present in Red Bluff Reservoir include white bass and hybrid striped bass. Vegetation in the lake includes sago pondweed.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational uses</h2><br>
<p>Fishing is a popular recreational use of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Meola Glacier or Athasi-Balati Glacier is the Himalayan glacier situated in the eastern part of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district of India. Meola Glacier is located at the base of the five peaks of Panchchuli in the Lassar Yankti valley.</p><br>
<p>The Meola Glacier combines with the Sona Glacier to form the famous Panchchuli Glacier. Sona and Meola glaciers serve as the route to climb the Panchchuli peaks from the east. Sona glacier is situated north to Meola glacier. The snout of the Meola glacier is a one-hour trek along Duktu Nala from Duktu village. The snout of Meola is situated at an altitude of 3,600 m. This place also serves as base camp for Panchchuli expeditions. Meola glacier is divided into lower and upper parts.</p><br>
<p>Sklithro  is a small village located about 40 kilometres southwest of Florina, the capital of Florina regional unit in northwestern Greece. It is situated in a valley at the foot of the Vitsi mountain range halfway along the Amyntaio – Kastoria local road.</p><br>
<p>Sklithro is currently inhabited by 532 permanent residents (2011 census).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At its peak in the first part of the twentieth century, the population of the village had reached about 3,500 inhabitants. There were two Bulgarian and one Greek school in the village in the beginning of 20th century. The population decrease can be attributed to many causes including World War I, the population exchange with Turkey following the Treaty of Lausanne, World War II, as well as the Greek Civil War which had an impact on Sklithro and the surrounding region. Following the Civil War, the village saw an exodus of people migrating to North America, Australia, and other European countries, where opportunity and a better way of life existed. Today, the village is experiencing a bit of a rejuvenation. Many of the formerly abandoned homes have been or are in the process of being renovated. Agriculture continues to be the mainstay of the village and is celebrated with an annual potato festival in the month of August. During the summer months tourism also plays an important role, with visitors including former residents or their decedents. Also, nearby are the tourist attractions of Nymfaio and the Arcturos bear refuge.</p><br>
<p>Wheatley&#39;s Ait or Wheatley Eyot is an ait  in the River Thames of approximately 8 hectare on the reach above Sunbury Lock, close to the northern side and in the post town Sunbury-on-Thames however in the Borough of Elmbridge in Surrey, England.</p><br>
<h2>Detailed description</h2><br>
<p>Its long downstream part, separated by a narrow additional storm weir from the long upstream part, contains a few residential properties, some midsection boatyards, dredging facilities and moorings for the Environment Agency and is for its bulk accessed by a road and footbridge to the northern bank; its southern tip is accessed by footbridge from the southern, upstream part. This northern part links to Sunbury Lock Ait by a private footbridge across Sunbury Weir which is closed to the public. The upstream part consists only of houses and chalets in riverside plots of land and is accessed by footbridge from the residential road, The Creek, on the northern bank. A controlled third weir, Tumbling Bay, touching the south of Wheatleys Ait marks the start of a quite shallow creek used for kayaking and fishing. Wheatleys Ait ranges from 450m to 1.3 km from the parish church of Sunbury-on-Thames.</p><br>
<p>Scotland Eyot is a former name. Thomas Vincent owned the land and Watersplash Farm in the 19th century prior to selling it, a Shepperton landowner related to Edgar Vincent, 1st Viscount D&#39;Abernon., having acquired it from Thomas Carr.</p><br>
<h2>Demography</h2><br>
<p>In the 2001 census it was included in an output area the mostpart of which was in Walton on Thames but which contained 146 properties of which 31 were on the island and a further 12 were unoccupied holiday chalets or houses on the island; 16.8% of the population (291) were aged over 65, eight households had no car or van, 50.0% had one car or van. Only 14.5% of the 249 adults (of a population of 291) were "grade D or E" (semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers, on state benefit, unemployed, lowest grade workers) as defined by the 2001 census. 91.8% of the population stated they were ethnically "white british". 136 of the 172 workers worked full-time. 10.8% of the population lived in an apartment with a lowest floor level above the ground floor and not on the island. 13.0% of property was rented, three units (16% of this) as social housing. Three people worked in agriculture, hunting or forestry, just over double the average for the borough.</p><br>
<h2>Postcodes</h2><br>
<p>TW16 6BU</p><br>
<p>TW16 6DA</p><br>
<p>The Rowland Theater , located at 127 North Front Street, Philipsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania, is an historic single screen movie theater, built in 1917 by Charles Hedding Rowland. The theater is owned by the borough of Phillipsburg.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of the Rowland Theatre building was previously occupied by the Pierce Opera House. Owned by Philipsburg business man J.H. Pierce and built sometime before 1889, this three story building was destroyed by fire, along with several other downtown buildings, on December 30, 1910. Then the Rowland family purchased the Opera House property on December 31, 1915, and immediately began making plans for the construction of a building which could house live theatrical performances as well as conventions and public meetings. The theatre is currently owned by Philipsburg Borough and leased to Rowland Theatre, Inc. a 501(c)3 non-profit. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. It is located in the Philipsburg Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>Charles Hedding Rowland</h3><br>
<p>USA Congressman Charles Hedding Rowland, born December 20, 1860, was one of several enterprising businessmen who engaged in coal mining operations in the Philipsburg Area. He was president of both the Moshannon Coal Mining Company and the Pittsburg and Susquehanna Railroad Companies during the late 19th century. He was later elected as a representative of the Republican Party to the 64th and 65th Congress. His terms of office as a USA Congressman began in March, 1915, and ended in March, 1919. He declined a re-nomination in 1918, serving out his remaining term before retiring.</p><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Construction then was carried out under the direction of architect Julian Millard, designer, with W. A. Hoyt, serving as the construction engineer. Planning began in 1915, with construction starting in 1916, and completed in mid 1917</p><br>
<p>After completion of the construction of the theater, Rowland released this statement in a brochure distributed to the public on opening night in June, 1917:</p><br>
<p>“The people of Philipsburg have long indulged the hope of a comfortable and commodious place of amusement and entertainment. For years we have had no suitable place for public meetings, entertaining conventions, or any auditorium large enough for the varied necessities of a community as large as ours. Such a building is a public necessity. The town needs it in order to keep pace with sister communities. Community growth would be retarded without such a public convenience.</p><br>
<p>"I have felt that we should have a theatre building in Philipsburg of size, safety and perfection of appointment that would anticipate the future, maintain our best past traditions, reflect a progressive spirit, while affording us a place to spend a delightful evening at home. It is proposed to stage only plays and moving pictures of class and quality. I trust the people of Philipsburg, together with those who come from surrounding towns, may enjoy the playhouse now dedicated to their use and pleasure. I wish to take this occasion to say to the theatre going public that it has been a source of some gratification to have been the one permitted to open to the general public a place for its comfort and entertainment.”</p><br>
<h3>Restoration Efforts</h3><br>
<p>This section is being researched and will be available soon.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building itself is a brick and ferro-concrete structure measuring sixty-six by two-hundred-twenty-two feet in plan. The first story of the front part of the building contains the theatre&#39;s entrance way, outer lobby, and two commercial stores. A suite of offices is found on the second floor and a meeting/rehearsal hall and miscellaneous rooms are on the third floor. The second and third floors are not currently used, as they do not comply with modern fire codes in providing adequate fire exits.</p><br>
<h3>Façade</h3><br>
<p>As a whole, the façade is a symmetrical composition with classically inspired detailing. Despite the volumetric effects of the projecting marquee, recessed theatre and shop entrances, and bracketed cornice, the image is predominantly two-dimensional. However, the use of decorative patterns in the brickwork, contrasting color and texture of materials, and architecture ornamentation contribute to a masterful composition. Horizontal emphasis is provided by simple, bold lintels about the store fronts, a belt course at the base of the third story windows, a projecting cornice, and caps which line the top of the parapet wall. Vertical emphasis is given by the effect of pilasters defining the three bays of the first and second stories. A rectangular concrete plaque inscribed with the word “THEATRE” and the marquee/theatre entrance defines a central axis.</p><br>
<h3>Lobby and Foyer</h3><br>
<p>The lobby of the Rowland theater houses the current box office and concessions, as well as the original box office, now used for minor storage. It features plate marble on the lower half of the walls, and murals depicting both Native American and local historical scenes on the upper halves. Lighting is provided by two large hanging fixtures.</p><br>
<p>The foyer is large, expansive, and lavishly decorated. It features a stained glass skylight, crimson red carpet, marble plate lower walls and ornate cloth hangings on the upper walls. Two staircases, one on each side wall, lead upstairs, converging at the entrances of the main office and board room, and ending in a ramp up to the balcony. The restrooms are also located here, as well as storage for some concession supplies.</p><br>
<h3>Main Hall</h3><br>
<p>The main hall of the Rowland theater houses the majority of seating available. Approximately 1000 seats, as well as handicap-accessible areas, adorn the main floor up to the edge of the orchestra pit. The ceiling is vaulted where it meets with the steel support structure (a successful attempt to blend form and function, adding to the appealing look of the building), and once contained various ornate murals, which have since been mostly covered by white paint during restoration. Some original parts of the mural, as well as examples of restoration efforts conducted in 1930, have been left exposed.</p><br>
<p>The frame of the stage is ornately decorated, and once featured similar murals to the ceiling (some examples are left exposed here as well). Still visible are original, hand-carved wood accents over the doors leading up to the stage&#39;s side areas.</p><br>
<h3>Balcony</h3><br>
<p>Only 18 and older unless with an adult. Decent love cushion seats.</p><br>
<h3>Stage and Screen</h3><br>
<p>The stage in the theater is fifty feet in width, thirty-four feet deep, and has approximately 50 feet of vertical space, with eleven dressing rooms in the basement below. The front curtains are motor driven, and three additional layers of curtains run to the back wall of the stage, giving it multiple depth options for stage productions.</p><br>
<p>The screen is the largest movie screen in central Pennsylvania, measuring 29 feet wide and 15 feet tall. It can be converted to handle both Flat and Scope aspect films. It is suspended from the stage ceiling, and can be raised and lowered via a pulley system located offstage to allow for quick transition between motion picture and stage events.</p><br>
<h3>Projection and Sound Systems</h3><br>
<p>The Rowland Theater uses a three-tier platter system coupled with a 35mm projector. The projector itself supports both Flat and Scope aspect films via interchangeable lenses.</p><br>
<p>Sound is provided by a Dolby SR Processor. Speakers are located on stage behind the screen (center, left and right channels), in the Orchestra Pit (subwoofer), and along the sides of the theater walls (surround channels) on both the ground floor and balcony.</p><br>
<h2>Operation</h2><br>
<p>The Rowland Theater is currently owned by Philipsburg Borough and run by the non-profit Rowland Theater, Inc. Its governing body consists of a volunteer Board of Directors, and it employs approximately eight full-time employees (management. projection, and cleaning staffs). Concessions and other jobs are staffed by volunteers from the local community, and volunteer hours can be used as credit towards a variety of local programs which have community service requirements.</p><br>
<h3>Seating</h3><br>
<p>The theater can accommodate approximately 1150 people total, and approximately 950 during normal operation. This is due to the seats in the back portion of the balcony being originals, and therefore off-limits to the general public. They can be opened when needed, but this hasn&#39;t happened during modern operation.</p><br>
<h3>Ticket Prices</h3><br>
<p>Prices for movies shown at the Rowland remain among the lowest in the United States. Ticket prices are as follows:</p><br>
<p>$6 - Adult 12+</p><br>
<p>$5 - Children 4-11, Seniors 55+</p><br>
<p>Free - Children 3 and younger</p><br>
<h3>Stage Productions</h3><br>
<p>The theaters stage can be used for a variety of events, including plays, choirs, and smaller orchestras. In front of the stage is an orchestra pit which can hold approximately 30 musicians and instruments. Minimal on-stage lighting and several spotlights, located throughout the theaters main hall, are available. A house sound system, separate from the system used for motion pictures, is also available.</p><br>
<h3>Theater Rental</h3><br>
<p>The Rowland Theater is available to rent to the general public for many different types of events, including (but not limited to) private group movie screenings, weddings, live music events, auctions, cultural events, meetings, presentations and more.</p><br>
<p>The very first digital projection movie showing at the Historic Rowland Theatre was Spencer T. Folmars first feature film, "Fortified" on June 14, 2008. The second digital movie showing took place nearly two years later and was also by local director and producer, Folmars 2nd feature film "Guilt & Sentence" on June 19, 2010.</p><br>
<p>Aransas Bay is a bay on the Texas gulf coast, approximately 30 mi northeast of Corpus Christi, and 173 mi south of San Antonio. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by San José Island . Aransas Pass is the most direct navigable outlet into the Gulf of Mexico from the bay. The cities of Aransas Pass and Port Aransas are located at the southern end, and Rockport is found on the central western shore. The bay is oriented laterally northeast-southwest, and is extended by Redfish Bay to the southwest, Copano Bay to the west, Saint Charles Bay to the north, and Mesquite Bay to the northeast. Aransas Bay is part of the Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve.</p><br>
<p>There is a rich history of settlements on the bay, including: ancient Native American campgrounds dating back millennia; 19th-century European immigrant towns such as Lamar and Aransas; and the present day cities of Rockport, Fulton and Aransas Pass. Resources such as shrimp, fish, oysters and oil are found in or near the bay, and contribute to the local economies.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Humans first inhabited the area surrounding Aransas Bay approximately 6,000 to 8,000 years ago. The name derives from a group of indigenous people called the Aransas Indians, whose 4,000-year-old campsites have been found near the bay. The nomadic Aransas, left the area circa 1200 to 1300 CE. According to archeologists, the Karankawa and Coahuiltecan had coalesced as people and migrated into the area by 1400. They had severe losses and were much reduced by the 1800s due to new infectious diseases contracted from European explorers. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda of Spain is believed to be the first European to sail the bay, circa 1519. For over a century later, the Spanish had little interest in the area until the French established a colony in Texas in the late 17th century. At this time, Alonso De León was ordered to found a settlement in the area, but no permanent colony on the bay was ever established.</p><br>
<p>During the years of Mexican control, the bay was put off limits to settlement by the authorities. An empresario granted in 1828 allowed Irish and Mexican immigration. In 1832, the settlement of Aransas City on the bay, was founded by James Power. After the development of the nearby port Lamar in 1840, Aransas City was deserted by 1846. But Lamar soon met a similar fate, after being burnt to the ground during the American Civil War. The city of Aransas, which was founded on San Jose Island around the same time as Lamar, was also destroyed in the fighting. During the war, the bay was a strategically significant waterway for the transfer of freight, due to its protection from Gulf seas by barrier islands.</p><br>
<p>As a result of the destruction from the war, the new ports of Fulton and Rockport were developed in the later 1860s. At first, Rockport was intended as a deep-water port, but after a series of mishaps, Aransas Pass was selected when deepening was approved in 1879. By 1912, a 100 feet wide and 8½ feet deep channel was operational. After hurricanes ransacked the port in 1916 and 1919, the United States Army Corps of Engineers chose Corpus Christi as the preferred deepwater port for the lower Gulf coast.</p><br>
<p>Later twentieth-century development has been based on the area&#39;s natural beauty. In the 1960s, the affluent resort of Key Allegro, located between Rockport and Fulton, was founded. By 2000, 24,615 people lived in the surrounding Aransas County, including the cities of Rockport, Fulton, Aransas Pass and the unincorporated Key Allegro, Holiday Beach and Estes. The outer Refugio County located on the shore of Copano Bay, had 7,828 residents.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>On average, the Aransas Bay system is 3 meters deep, and covers approximately 539 square kilometers. The system is made up of the bay itself and its extensions. The main extensions include: Saint Charles Bay, to the east of the Lamar peninsula; Copano Bay, to the west of both the Live Oak and Lamar peninsulas, Mesquite Bay to the bay&#39;s northeast, and Redfish Bay to the southwest. Redfish Bay is sometimes considered an extension of Corpus Christi Bay.</p><br>
<p>Every second, approximately 28 cubed meters of water flows into the bay. The exchange with the Gulf of Mexico occurs at Cedar Bayou and Aransas Pass. As a result of the seawater exchange, the bay&#39;s salinity is 15 parts per thousand, which is judged to be minimal.</p><br>
<p>Texas State Highway 35 runs parallel to the shore of Aransas Bay on its route from Corpus Christi to Houston. The highway includes the 1.5 mile long Copano Bay causeway, which connects the Live Oak and Lamar peninsulas at the confluence of Copano and Aransas Bays. The first causeway was constructed in 1933, but was replaced in 1966 with the Lyndon Baines Johnson causeway. The former causeway was transformed into a fishing pier in later years. In 1981, nearly 10,000 vehicles passed over the bridge on a daily basis.</p><br>
<h2>Ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>A wide variety of wildlife can be found in and around Aransas Bay. According to Texas Parks and Wildlife, the following fish have been caught in the bay: catfish, black drum, red drum, eel, southern flounder, crevalle jack, yellowtail amberjack, ladyfish, silver perch, Redmouth grunt, Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus)</p><br>
<p>pigfish, pinfish, sea trout, blacktip shark, bull shark, sheepshead, mangrove snapper, common snook and toadfish. Shrimp, Oysters and crabs also reside in the waters. The sea grass carpets found at numerous locations, provide a habitat and an ideal place for fish to spawn. The grasses also act as a filter, clearing the bay of environmental contaminants.</p><br>
<p>Many birds migrate to the area around Aransas Bay, most notably to the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. Year-round residents include least grebe, brown pelican, neotropic cormorant, white-faced ibis, roseate spoonbill, black-bellied whistling-duck, mottled duck, white-tailed hawk, crested caracara, pauraque, golden-fronted woodpecker, great kiskadee, green jay, long-billed thrasher, olive sparrow, seaside sparrow, and bronzed cowbird. The endangered whooping crane has also been spotted near the bay. Despite the fact that there were only 15 in 1900, over 180 are found in the wild today. The whooping cranes and other birds survival depends on the availability of blue crab. Thousands of crab traps have been removed to preserve the population.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>Given the location of Aransas bay, shipping has always been a major industry. Following the Civil War, the meatpacking industry became a major source of income for ports on the bay, especially Rockport and Fulton, where numerous slaughterhouses were constructed. In the early years of meatpacking, cattle were slaughtered strictly for their hide since there was no way to refrigerate the meat. As a result, most of the left over cow parts not used as pig feed, were disposed in the bay. This changed in 1871, when an ice machine was installed in a packing plant. By this time, the meatpacking industry near Aransas Bay reached its prime. Prior to the decline of the industry in the area, in 1880, 93% of the beef from Texas slaughterhouses were processed in Rockport-Fulton. Along with fishing, oyster farming and most notably shrimping became major industries on the bay in the early 20th century. Shipbuilding also developed and reached its prime following the first World War. During World War II, the United States Navy took over several shipyards. In 1936, oil was discovered on the bay. By 1946, 13 wells were in operation. In 1990, 498,703 barrels were produced, part of the 77 million barrels produced between 1936 and 1990. Today, tourism is a prosperous industry. Numerous hotels are set up along the bay for individuals wanting to fish, bird or sight-see. A large concentration of hotels are located in Rockport, where the bay&#39;s only beach (Rockport Beach) is located.</p><br>
<p>Crystal River State Archaeological Site is a 61 acre Florida State Park located on the Crystal River and within the Crystal River Preserve State Park. The park is located two miles  northwest of the city of Crystal River, on Museum Point off US 19/98.</p><br>
<p>Under the title of Crystal River Indian Mounds, it is also a USA National Historic Landmark (designated as such on September 29, 1970).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The park contains a six-mound complex, occupied from the Deptford period through Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture and up to the Late Fort Walton period. This timespan makes it one of the longest continually occupied sites in Florida, believed to have been occupied for 1,600 years. Native Americans traveled long distances to the complex to bury their dead and to engage in trading activities. An estimated 7,500 people may have visited the complex annually when it was occupied. The complex contains burial mounds, temple/platform mounds, a plaza area, and a midden. The earliest burials at the site are believed to be located in the conical mound and date back to about 250 BC. Many of the people buried in this mound had copper tools and ornaments buried with them. The copper artifacts came from the Ohio River area through a trade network developed by the Hopewell culture that existed at the time. There seemed to be indirect trading between the people who lived here and the Hopewell culture. People that were buried later did not have this type of artifacts buried with them and some burials do not contain artifacts. This tells us that over the 2,000 years that ancient people used the site, burial practices and ceremonies changed. It also tells us that trading with the northern portions of North America changed. The shell and sand ring also contains burials some of which were placed between layers of shells while others were not. It is not clear why this occurred or whether it was related to status or just a change in the burial customs. The platform was constructed as burials filled in the gap between the ring and the cone. It is estimated that about 1,200 to 1,500 people are buried in this complex.</p><br>
<p>Over a period of approximately 1,900 years, beginning about 500 BC, the Native Americans at the Crystal River Site threw away great quantities of materials that would form the middens that adorn the site. This "midden material" contained various kinds of woodland animal bones, fish bones, turtle shells, broken pottery, broken hand tools and arrowheads. By the time of abandonment, the midden area had reached 1,300 feet in length, 100 feet in width, 7 feet in depth, and was formed into a crescent shape. Two large platform mounds are believed to have been used primarily for ceremonial purposes. A half-mile paved loop trail passes by each mound, with signs interpreting the mounds. A 55 step observation deck atop the park&#39;s largest mound, Temple Mound, provides a panoramic view of the area. The park contains coastal marsh and is part of the Great Florida Birding Trail.</p><br>
<p>The park is also home to a limestone slab, possibly a "stele", on which is a crudely carved human face and torso. This is odd because the slab is one that is not found on other mound sites except in locations such as the Caribbean, South America, and Central America. At this particular site there were at least four of these large stones placed by the inhabitants in their ancient time. This carving shows that the person represented possessed long hair in a plume over the left shoulder. There has been debate as to how strongly this inscribed stone slab was influenced by the monumental stelae of Mesoamerica. Although there may be some evidence for contact between the Huastec Culture of the Mexican Gulf Coast and the American Southeast, those claims which suggest the most direct connections are probably unfounded. The slab is today housed on the site within a metal cage.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational activities</h2><br>
<p>Activities include salt and fresh water fishing, picnicing, bird watching and a boat tour of Crystal River. Amenities include a small picnic area. The visitor center/museum features an open captioned video about the tribes that once lived in the area, and houses a collection of artifacts from the site, including arrowheads, pottery, jewelry, stone and bone tools. A centerpiece diorama dominates the interior of the museum, depicting a scale model of the site as it may have looked centuries before its abandonment.</p><br>
<h2>Hours</h2><br>
<p>Florida state parks are open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays). The museum is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Thursday through Monday. The museum is closed Tuesday and Wednesday.</p><br>
<p>Camp Release State Monument is located on the edge of Montevideo, Minnesota, United States, just off Highway 212. The Camp Release Monument stands as a reminder of Minnesota&#39;s early state history. The Minnesota River Valley and Montevideo played an integral part in the Dakota War of 1862. In the fall of 1862, the Dakota tribes surrendered to Colonel Henry Hastings Sibley on a bluff overlooking the valley and the present day site of Montevideo. The monument was the first property added to the state park system and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The monument is located in the 6 acre Camp Release State Memorial Wayside.</p><br>
<h2>Camp Release dedication</h2><br>
<p>The Camp Release Monument was dedicated on July 4, 1894, commemorating the release of 269 captives and the surrender of about 1200 Dakota people at the end of the conflict. The four faces of the 51-foot granite monument are inscribed with information about the battles that took place along the Minnesota River during the conflict, the Dakota&#39;s surrender, and the creation of the monument.</p><br>
<p>The Germantown State Bank Building is a historic bank building located in the village of Garland, Nebraska. The bank is no longer in operation. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The first owner on record was August C. Beckman, who acquired the bank from another in 1900. The original bank building was wooden and painted white with the word "Bank" on the front. The bank was incorporated as the Germantown State Bank in 1904; before that, it had operated as a private banking house, the Bank of Germantown.</p><br>
<p>The current stone building was built in 1920, two years after Garland changed its name from Germantown due to anti-German sentiment in the United States after its entry into World War I. Local residents apparently did not object to the bank&#39;s name, which was never changed.</p><br>
<p>The bank closed in the 1930s due to the many natural disasters affecting the area. Wm. Barrett Jr. took ownership of the bank in October 1939. The next recorded owner was Joe Pankoke, from 1978 until about 1989, when it was sold to Bob Rashel of California. Rashel died in 1998, and the bank was donated to the village of Garland in his memory.</p><br>
<p>The Germantown State Bank Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Work continues on its restoration.</p><br>
<p>Kitta or Koita  is a village in the Mani peninsula, Laconia, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Oitylo. It is built on top of a hill, overlooking the sea. Kitta is known for its many Maniot pyrgoi . Partially abandoned, the village had a population of 96 at the 2011 census. Much of the population left between World War II and today. It was the scene of Manis last vendetta, in 1870 which required the intervention of the army, with artillery to halt it. It is among the oldest villages in Mani, being mentioned in Iliad as "Messes", a village in Menelaus kingdom.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The villages in the community of Koita are (population at 2011 census):</p><br>
<p>Agios Georgios (18)</p><br>
<p>Ano Gardenitsa (34)</p><br>
<p>Archia (3)</p><br>
<p>Kalonioi (24)</p><br>
<p>Kato Gardenitsa (8)</p><br>
<p>Kechrianika (5)</p><br>
<p>Koita (96)</p><br>
<p>Nomia (15)</p><br>
<p>Psi (9)</p><br>
<p>Mount Ithome  or Ithomi, previously Vourkano ) or Voulcano ), is the northernmost of twin peaks in Messenia, Greece. Mount Ithome rises to about 800 m, about 760 m over Valyra, the seat of Ithomi, the former municipality. The other peak is Mount Eva , 700 m, connected to Mount Ithomi by a thin ridge 0.80 km long.</p><br>
<p>Mount Ithome is 25 km north of Kalamata on the Gulf of Messenia, 60 km east of Pylos, seat of Bronze Age Messenia, and 20 km north of Messini, modern namesake of ancient Messene, nestled under the cliffs of Mount Ithome. From the top the whole valley of the Pamisos river can be viewed eastward to Mount Taygetus and southward to the Gulf of Messenia. The site is highly defensible and yet off the main road; in this case, the Kalamata-Pylos road.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<h3>Ithome</h3><br>
<p>Like most ancient names the etymology of Ithome is not certain. It is also the name of a place in Thessaly, although Reece notes evidence that the one in Thessaly was originally called Thome.</p><br>
<h3>Vurkano</h3><br>
<p>The pre-independence name Vurcano has had many variants: Vourkano, Voulkanos, Vulcano, Voucano, Boulcano, Dorkano, Voulkani, etc. The name is not Greek. Its provenience, meaning and time of assignment are not known, like those of Morea. Ties to Vulcan or Volcano do not fit the geology. Ithome is not volcanic, evidences no volcanic deposits and its springs are not hot; in fact, they are known for their refreshing clarity and coolness.</p><br>
<p>One of the earliest records of a place called Bulcano is The Domains and Fiefs of the Principality of Achaia, composed for Marie of Bourbon, 1364. The Grand Seneschal of the Kingdom of Naples, Niccolo Acciajuoli, is said to possess Lo Castello de Bulcano (Messene) as a fief. The monastery on top, which dates to no later than the reign of the Byzantine emperor, Andronikos II Paleologus, 1282-1328, was probably known as Vurkano even then. The earliest major incursion of a non-Hellenic ethnic group is the settlement of the Slavic tribes of the Melingoi and Ezerites in the 7th and 8th centuries in Messenia and Sparta around Mount Taygetus as a defensible location. In the 9th and 10th centuries they ruled Messenia. At the time many classical names were changed to Slavic, only to be restored after independence. The Archaeological Museum of Messenia dates the name Vourkano to the 10th century. It, like Morea, is probably Slavic.</p><br>
<h3>Mavromati</h3><br>
<p>Mavromati is segmented mavr-oma-ti, "place of the black eye" from mavros, "dark," and omma, "eye," or ommation, "small eye," a common name for springs.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Homeric village of Ithome was probably on the summit, which is flat. In the Bronze Age, a temple dedicated to Zeus Ithomatas (Zeus of Ithome) existed there. It was torn down and rebuilt as a Christian church and monastery no later than the early 14th century from the same stone. In the 17th century this monastery of Panagia Voulkanou, or Moni Voulkanou, was closed, except for a caretaker, to become known as the Old Monastery. The new monastery was constructed on the lower east slope of Eva. It was a staging point in the Greek War of Independence and also houses a noted library containing ancient manuscripts.</p><br>
<p>The classical town of Ithome was on the lower west flank of Mount Ithome, which forms a bowl in the side of the mountain. The location was selected as the site for the city of Messene (not the same as the modern city of Messini) when it was rebuilt by Epaminondas in 369 BC. Excavations there in recent decades have uncovered evidence of a settlement going back to the stone age. The location of Messene is marked by massive city walls that include the east side of the ridge, where they protect the ancient zig-zagging road to the summit, the top of the ridge, a wide area around the bowl and end against the mountain on the north, an approximately rectangular circuit. The mountain itself protects the east side. These defenses were probably restored, rather than constructed anew, by Epaminondas.</p><br>
<p>Within the lower part of this wide circuit are the ruins of the ancient city. About 300 m up the slope is the modern village of Mavromati, occupying a small portion of the ancient city. It is a subdivision of the municipality of Messene. Mavromati is built around the key feature of the city, one which made its large size possible, a large surface spring flowing out of the mountain through a hole in the rocks. A klepsydra, or "spring catchment," has been maintained as a village watering place. That is it is ancient is shown by the ancient system of channels constructed from it to the ancient urban area below. Mavromati is at 419 m, thus Messene was essentially at 119 m and Mount Ithome loomed at 681 m over it.</p><br>
<p>As the most defensible point in the surrounding territory, Ithome was the center of Messenian resistance to Sparta during the Messenian Wars in the 7th and 6th centuries BC. Ithome was also the center of the Helot revolt in 465 BC after an earthquake in Sparta. This revolt is the Third Messenian War.</p><br>
<p>Dade Battlefield Historic State Park is a state park located on County Road 603 between Interstate 75  and USA Route 301 in Sumter County, Florida. The 80 acre park includes 40 acre of pine flatwoods and a live oak hammock. Also called the Dade Massacre site, It preserves the Second Seminole War battlefield where Seminole Indian warriors fought soldiers under the command of Major Francis L. Dade on December 28, 1835. Each year, on the weekend after Christmas , the Dade Battlefield Society sponsors a reenactment of the battle that started the Second Seminole War.</p><br>
<p>Under the title of Dade Battlefield Historic Memorial, it is also a USA National Historic Landmark (designated as such on April 14, 1972).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Second Seminole War</h3><br>
<p>The United States government negotiated the Treaty of Moultrie Creek in 1824, placing the Seminoles on a reservation that included the site of the future battle. A combination of white settlers moving onto public land in violation of the Treaty of Moultrie Creek, slave hunters trespassing onto the reservation to capture black Seminoles without proof of ownership, and the governments decision to move the Seminoles over the protests of Seminole chiefs infuriated the Seminoles. At around 8:00 AM on the morning of December 28, 1835, the Seminoles, led by Chief Micanopy, ambushed Major Francis L. Dade and 107 men along a segment of the Fort King Road as Dade and his men traveled to Fort King (present-day Ocala, Florida) to reinforce the troops stationed at Fort King. Dade, another commanding officer, and the entire left flank, consisting of one-half of the troops, were killed in the first volley. Over the next six hours, Dades remaining troops and the Seminoles exchanged gunfire; the gunfire ceased as all but three of Dade&#39;s men were killed. Privates Joseph Sprague and Ransom Clarke returned to Fort Brooke (present-day Tampa, Florida); Sprague later served until the end of the Second Seminole War, and Clarke died from his injuries five years later. The Dade Massacre and the Battle of the Wahoo Swamp three days later began the Second Seminole War.</p><br>
<p>Ordered by General Thomas Sidney Jesup to build a supply depot, a regiment of Tennessee militiamen led by Major Robert Armstrong, built Fort Armstrong at the site of Dade’s Massacre. From Fort Armstrong, Brigadier General Keith Call led an attack on the Seminoles living in the Wahoo Swamp a few days after the fort’s construction ended. Later in 1837, Major Thomas Child took over command of the post. During his tenure, one "Colonel Dill", claiming that he was seeking escaped slaves, was detained and was ordered to return to his residence. Jesup ordered that all government employees and express riders were barred from passing through Fort Armstrong for the purpose of looking for slaves. This was to allow black Seminoles to enter the fort and to be eventually deported to reservations west of the Mississippi River. In 1984, after several years’ work, the Sumter County Historical Society would place a marker at the site of Fort Armstrong.</p><br>
<h3>Early 1900s</h3><br>
<p>Attempts at preserving the Dade massacre site began in 1897 with a bill introduced in the United States Congress which called for the creation of a national park on the Dade massacre battleground and its inclusion in a national park system. Florida congressman Stephen Sparkman began efforts to preserve the Dade Massacre site on January 27, 1904, with the introduction of another bill in the United States House of Representatives seeking to create a national park on the battle’s site. In 1907 and again in 1912, Sparkman re-introduced legislation that provided funding for a marker and for the preservation of the battleground. In 1919, United States representative Henry Jackson Drane of Florida, who had visited the Dade Battlefield area in 1884, introduced another bill for the creation of a memorial at the site.</p><br>
<h3>1920s</h3><br>
<p>In 1910, two Florida newspapers, the Leesburg Commercial and the St. Lucie Tribune, encouraged legislators to place a marker on the site of the massacre. At the state level, an attempt to create a memorial park on the site of the Dade Massacre was made in the early 1920s. Before his term in the Florida Legislature, Lake County judge J. C. B. Koonce held pre-trial hearings at the park’s site. Fascinated by the battle, Lake County judge Koonce began to develop the area into a park in 1908. In 1921, as the Sumter County representative in the Florida House, Koonce, state senator W. M. Igou of Eustis, state representative L. D. Edge of Groveland, state representative T. G. Futch of Leesburg, and United States Senator Duncan Fletcher urged the Florida legislature to preserve the site.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, the state of Florida appointed Koonce, Fred C. Cubberly (the author of the book The Dade Massacre), and Mrs. A. M. Roland as commissioners of the Dade Memorial Park and authorized them to purchase 80 acres of land at and surrounding the site of the massacre from three local families and a local company for $2,000 (USD). The Florida Legislature also appointed the board to maintain and operate the park.</p><br>
<p>After the passage of the bill, Sumter County residents cleared the land to form the park. During the 1920s, Koonce sculpted statues of the soldiers and Seminoles involved in the battle, ordered a bronze statue to portray Dade, built the gazebo, and constructed the monuments indicating where the officers fell. Koonce and his son O. B. Koonce maintained the landscape. In 1922, Representative Drane and Chief Clerk Nathan Hazen of the Ordnance Department arranged to have two guns shipped to the Dade Memorial Park. A portrait of Chief Micanopy hung in the lodge and a statute of Osceola close to the lodge honored the two leaders.</p><br>
<h3>Centennial of the Dade Massacre</h3><br>
<p>In 1935, Koonce promoted the idea to conduct a ceremony commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Dade Massacre. To mark the centennial of the Dade Massacre, organizers planned a reenactment of the battle. The Seminoles were to be invited to join and to formally sign a peace treaty with the United States government. Plans eventually changed to include a parade, a barbecue, concerts, addresses by dignitaries, and a full reenactment. On December 28, 1935, over 5,000 people, including Florida’s governor attended the ceremony.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>During World War II, Dade Memorial Park served as a United States Army installation. The United States Army Air Corps unit trained personnel in Morse code and radio communications from January 1944 to June 1944. On May 29, 1944, members of the 622nd Signal Aircraft Warning Company were transferred to a base in Ocoee, Florida.</p><br>
<p>The park also served as base housing for soldiers operating at the Bushnell Army Airfield. Tents and a supply room lined the area in front of the breastworks while a mess hall, an office, the motor pool, and a shower room flanked the living quarters. Other buildings were also built in other areas of the park.</p><br>
<h3>1950s</h3><br>
<p>In 1949, the Florida Legislature dissolve the Dade Memorial Park Commission and moved the park under the care of the then Board of Parks and Historical Memorials. Several facilities were built at this time. In 1957, construction on the recreation lodge was completed. The museum opened on July 4, 1957. By 1959, the park had built a children’s playground, two tennis courts, a baseball field, courts for shuffleboard and horseshoes, several picnic shelters, and a barbecue shed.</p><br>
<p>In an effort to restore the park to the conditions at the time of the battle, the Division of Natural Resources removed the archway, the monuments, and the statue of the pelican. At a public hearing about the park, the Division of Natural Resources officials faced strong opposition from long-time Sumter County residents who felt that the changes made to the park dishonored Koonce’s vision for the park. Residents recovered the discarded monuments and placed them back in the park. When district naturalist John Dodrill realized that the statue portraying Dade was that of a Union soldier, agency officials attempted to raise money to replace the statue. Feeling that the state was dictating the park’s design, county residents opposed the measure. In 1983, Dodrill designed a plaque explaining to visitors that the statue represented all fallen Sumter County soldiers.</p><br>
<h3>1960s</h3><br>
<p>About 1968, Sumter County employees found several cylinders measuring 12 inches (30.48 centimeters) long and about three-quarters of an inch (1.90 centimeters) in diameter on the Dade Battlefield Historic Site grounds. Suspecting that the vials were munitions that had been buried on the park grounds during World War II, the workers turned the vials over to a state agency. According to former Sumter County civil defense director Vernon Berry, the agency stated that one vial exploded while the agency was analyzing it.</p><br>
<h3>1970s</h3><br>
<p>On January 22, 1973, Ney Landrum, Chief of the Division of Recreation and Parks, nominated Dade Battlefield to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places. On November 7, 1973, the National Park Service issued national register number 72000353 to Dade Battlefield, listing the park on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1994, the National Park Service listed the park as a National Historic Landmark. To facilitate the study of the park, the National Park Service placed the park under the themes Political and Military Affairs, 1783-1860—Jacksonian Democracy, 1828-1844 and Westward Expansion of the British Colonies and the United States, 1763-1898—Military-Aboriginal American Contact and Conflict—East of the Mississippi, 1763-1850s.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the state of Florida selected the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site to be a Florida Bicentennial Trail site. To emphasize the park’s historical significance, the Division of Recreation and Parks attempted to remove the playground, the baseball field, the tennis courts, and the shuffleboard and horseshoe courts. The south end of the road dividing the park was cut off, making it safe for visitors, and culverts were placed in the ditch that was dug in the park at some time after the battle. In addition, park officials planned to obtain a cannon for the battlefield. As of 2004, one tennis court and two shuffleboard courts remained of the recreational facilities.</p><br>
<h3>1980s</h3><br>
<p>Although members of the Florida Historical Society and several Sumter County veterans organizations sponsored a commemorative day held on December 28, 1966, the first reenactment of Dade’s Massacre was held on December 28, 1980, for the battle’s 145th anniversary. Dade City historian and Dade Massacre expert Frank Laumer, dressed as Private Ransom Clarke, retold the story of the battle to 300 attendees. Park rangers from Dade Battlefield and Fort Foster, dressed in period uniforms, staged a camp similar to Dade’s.</p><br>
<p>The first two-hour-long reenactment since 1935 occurred on December 28, 1985. In 1987, the state constructed a 5-foot (1.5-meter) high and 150-foot (45.7-meter) long berm on the baseball field’s outfield to enhance visitors’ view of the reenactment. A Tampa television station aired segments about a commemorative hike led by Laumer from the Hillsborough River to the park from December 27, 1988, to the day of the reenactment on January 1, 1989. A record crowd of 4,500 people attending the reenactment on January 1, 1989, prompted the Dade Battlefield Society to consider the construction of an amphitheater. The Florida Department of Natural Resources granted approval for the amphitheater. For the December 28, 1989, reenactment, the Dade Battlefield Society expanded the event to a two-day event with full reenactments on both Saturday and Sunday.</p><br>
<p>Also on December 29, 1989, an officer’s sword belonging to an artillery officer in Dade’s command on loan from the Smithsonian Institution arrived at the park. Upon seeing a description of the sword in the magazine Smithsonian, Dr. Ray Giron, a former Santa Fe Community College and Central Florida Community College professor who collects swords, and Laumer contacted the organization. They learned that the sword had been in the Smithsonian’s collection since 1880. Giron and Laumer requested that the sword be loaned to the Dade Battlefield museum. The sword was placed on display in a case containing a money belt and a sash that belonged to Lt. William Basinger, one of Dade’s officers.</p><br>
<h3>1990s</h3><br>
<p>In 1996, the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site hosted the first annual World War II Commemorative Day. Since the first event, the commemoration has grown to include reenactors representing both the Allies and the Axis, vendors, music, encampments, vehicles, and food.</p><br>
<h3>2000s</h3><br>
<p>Over 70 children and 100 adults from the Seminole Hollywood Youth Conference visited the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site as part of the "Looking Back at the Seminole Trail" tour on July 8, 2003. Organized by Holly Tiger and Jo Motlow North the trip was a way for Seminole adults and children to visit Seminole battlegrounds as most of them had never visited the sites as children. Although Seminoles had portrayed their ancestors during the annual reenactments, the "Looking Back at the Seminole Trail" tour was the first time that members of the Seminole Tribe formally visited the park. During the visit, elders Billy Cypress and Bobby Henry and park ranger Chuck Wicks explained both sides of the conflict to the group. The conference members then walked along the trails and visited the museum.</p><br>
<p>In January 2011, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) listed the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site as one of 53 parks that would be closed to the public to reduce the agency’s budget by 15% as mandated by the Florida legislature. DEP stated that parks such as the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site were selected for their visitation numbers and their lack of camping facilities. Residents and state Senator Paula Dockery were outraged. In February 2011, Florida Governor Rick Scott met with DEP officials and expressed his disapproval of the DEP’s plan, stating, “As you know, we’ve gotten two gold medals for our parks. I think we have 20 million-plus visitors. So, no, we’ve got great parks, and we’ve got to make sure we preserve them and take care of them.”</p><br>
<p>In April 2013, the park hosted the first annual Swallow-tailed Kite and Wildlife Festival. Swallow-tailed kites had visited the park, and the Dade Battlefield Society decided to create a festival to educate the public about the birds. The festival’s activities included a lecture on swallow-tail kites, kite building and flying, birdhouse construction, and watching the swallow-tailed kites.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities and recreational activities</h2><br>
<p>Monuments indicating the locations of the officers’ deaths stretch from the park’s entrance to about 300 feet (91.44 meters) south. The museum which details the Seminole War lays 49 feet (15 meters) from the replica of the breastworks and about 600 feet (182.88 meters) from the northern most commemorative monuments. The reenactment takes place in a cleared area in the pine woods about 200 yards (meters) from the site of the actual battle.</p><br>
<p>Activities include picnicking, viewing exhibits at the visitor center, and wildlife viewing. A 3,499-foot (1,066.5-meter) long nature trail winds through the pine flatwoods. In addition, there is a gazebo, a lodge that seats 96 people and has a kitchen, outdoors areas that can be rented for weddings and outdoor events, a tennis court, two shuffleboard courts, six picnic shelters, a barbecue shelter, and restrooms. Several geocaches are hidden in the park. The park is open between 8 a.m. and sundown every day of the year (including holidays) while the visitor&#39;s center is open between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The average low for the month of January is 45.5 °F (7.5 °C) while the average high is 70.9 °F (21.6 °C). In July, the average high is 91.5 °F (33.0 °C) while lows average 70.5 °F (21.4 °C). The average precipitation from April 1, 1918, to April 30, 2012, was 50.04 inches (127.10 centimeters). No snow fell during that period.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>Considered to lie in the Central Highlands, the park is generally flat, with an average elevation of 69 feet (21 meters) above sea level. The lowest point is a dug-out 0.6-acre pit that has been historically used as a vegetation burn pit. The primary rock under the park is limestone. The Florida Crushed Stone Company once considered mining limestone near the park, but they deemed the quality of the limestone to be a commercially poor product.</p><br>
<p>The soil under Dade Battlefield consists of two types of sand: Kanapaha sand and Sparr fine sand.</p><br>
<p>Kanapaha sand is a gray soil that is poorly drained and slowly permeable. It was formed in marine sediments that contained sand and loam. Kanapaha sand supports forest areas. Sparr fine sand is a dark gray sand that occurs in sandy and loamy areas that had been at marine areas. It is poorly drained and slowly permeable. Sparr fine sand supports pine, oak, magnolia, dogwood, and hickory trees. These sands formed from the Middle Eocene to the Holocene period.</p><br>
<p>The city of Bushnell supplies the park’s drinking water. The park also has a ditch that connects two ponds, Center Pond, located south of Bushnell, and Webb’s Pond (called the "Death Pond" in records related to the battle), a pond located on private property adjacent to the park. Four bridges throughout the park cross the ditch. Although it normally drains into the swampy areas near the park, water has flowed in the ditch three times before, in 1994, 1995, and 1998, all when heavy rains fell in the area.</p><br>
<h3>Ecology</h3><br>
<p>The area of the battlegrounds was originally pine barrens, a habitat dominated by pines and palmettos. (It is currently known as longleaf pine mesic flatwoods.) Land use made several changes to the land. In 1828, soldiers and slaves constructed the Fort King Road by cutting the understory and pine trees, leaving a 20-foot (6.1-meter) wide road. At the turn of the century, the remaining pine strands were used to produce turpentine and for logging. By 1927, oaks dominated the community. During WWII, pine stumps were removed from the park. In the 1970s, the Florida DEP prescribed controlled burns to prevent the park’s pine flatwoods from succeeding into an oak hammock. In the 1950s, officials from the Department of Natural Resources proposed to let the grass and scrub habitat return to its natural state, but residents opposed the measure. In 1976, as a part of the state’s Bicentennial Trail preparations, removed several nonnative Florida plants and planted longleaf pines in the park. In 2012, the Sumter County Master GardenerCommunity Beautification Committee designed and replanted several of the park&#39;s landscapes in the public areas with native and endemic plants.</p><br>
<p>Forty five acres of the original longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitat remain today. Five acres of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) has been planted in the flatwoods. The rare Florida anise or yellow star anise (Illicium parviflorum) has been reported in the park. Among the wildlife of the park are woodpeckers, songbirds, and hawks, and indigo snakes. Several gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) live in the park, and Eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon corais couperi) have been sighted in the park. Live oaks (Quercus virginiana) cover the rest of the park.</p><br>
<h2>Dade Battlefield Society</h2><br>
<p>The Dade Battlefield Society is a non-profit organization created to preserve the Dade Battlefield State Historic Site. It was created on June 8, 1987, to raise public awareness of Dade’s Massacre. Since the creation of the organization, the Dade Battlefield Society has sponsored the annual reenactment of Dade’s massacre. It also has made information about the battle available to the public and has created two videos, a thirty-minute video which details the battle’s events and a short film that is shown in the Dade Battlefield Visitors Center. In addition, the Society rebuilt the cement log breastwork and corrected the breastwork’s orientation as the breastwork faced west and not east. In 2002, the society purchased a six-pound long barrel cannon similar to the one Dade’s men used in the battle.</p><br>
<p>The annual reenactment begins at 2:00 PM on both Saturday and Sunday. An actor portraying Private Ransom Clarke narrates just before the battle starts. The battle begins as the Seminoles, portrayed by Seminoles from the Big Cypress Seminole Reservation, and Dade’s men exchange gunfire. After “Taps”, the reenactors rise and talk to the public. During the day, there are demonstrations, lectures, folk music, musket shooting contests, tomahawk throwing contests, and a trade fair.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby</h2><br>
<p>The city of Bushnell lies to the north and the east of the Dade Battlefield Historic State Park.</p><br>
<p>The town of Wahoo lies six miles (9.6 kilometers) to the west of town. The Wahoo area served as a sheltered area for the Seminoles during the Second Seminole War. The United States Army and the Seminoles fought the Battle of the Withlacoochee River near the town on December 29, 1835. In addition, the army searched the area several times during the Second Seminole War. Today, the town is a populated area within Sumter County, and the battle site is protected by the state of Florida as a part of the Florida Forever Priority List.</p><br>
<p>The Priory Church of St James, Bristol, is a Grade I listed building in Horsefair, Whitson Street.</p><br>
<p>It was founded in 1129 as a Benedictine priory by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, the illegitimate son of Henry I. The early nave from 1129 survived the Dissolution of the Monasteries because an agreement in 1374 between the Abbot of Tewkesbury and the parishioners stated that the nave would become the parishioners responsibility, and the tower was added around 1374. On 9 January 1540 the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII meant that St James Priory was surrendered to the crown. The priory buildings were demolished, keeping only the nave of the church. In 1543 the land and the right to hold a fair were sold to a London merchant-tailor. In 1604 there was concern that the national attraction of St James&#39; Fair would increase the spread of the plague, so a royal proclamation was issued prohibiting Londoners from attending. The south aisle was widened and rebuilt in 1698. The porch dates from the late 18th century, and the north aisle was rebuilt in 1864.</p><br>
<p>The traditional account, as told to John Leland, has it that every tenth stone brought from Normandy to build the Castle was set aside to build the Priory.</p><br>
<p>Before the recent restoration (see below) the building was on the Historic England Buildings at Risk Register and described as being in very bad condition. However, substantial restoration and reordering work was completed in 2011 and as of 2014 St James Priory is not on the Heritage Buildings at Risk Register.</p><br>
<h2>Archives</h2><br>
<p>Parish records for St James Priory, Bristol are held at Bristol Archives (Ref. P.St J), online catalogue including baptism, marriage and burial registers. The archive also includes records of the incumbent, churchwardens, overseers of the poor, parochial church council, chantries, charities, St James Fair, schools, societies and vestry plus deeds, photographs and plans. Other records for St James&#39; Priory can be found at Cambridge University Library.</p><br>
<h2>St James's Fair</h2><br>
<p>Earl Robert&#39;s endowment to the priory in 1137 included permission to hold an annual fair. From 1238 an annual fair held over fifteen days, was held here. Later charters show the original date of the fair to be Whitsun Day, but the inconvenience of the festival changing date each year soon changed the fair day to 25 July, the feast day of St James. It was later changed to the first fortnight in September. The fair, which was held in the Churchyard and adjoining streets, was regarded as the most important of the Bristol Fairs. The income from the Fair meant that St James Church could be richly decorated, in 1498 an elaborate reredos was built to go with the existing rood screen. The contract made it clear that the rood screen should be bigger and better than the one recently erected at St Mary Redcliffe.</p><br>
<p>The papers from a courtcase in 1518-19 show that the fair was so popular it had overflowed the boundaries of the graveyard and stalls and booths were sited in the surrounding streets. The entertainments at the fair included theatre, bear-baiting, sports as well as minstrels and wrestling, exhibitions of wild animals, acrobats, puppets (including Punch and Judy), magicians and musicians. One year the prize exhibition was Toby the salient Pig. Further entertainments took place on The Marsh which later became Queen Square. Amongst the groups of players on the Mayors ledger books for the St James Fair are the Lord Chamberlains Men, which could suggest that Shakespeare performed in Bristol. The Ledger kept by the merchant John Smyth shows how he (and other city merchants) planned their year so that their goods (such as wine, dyes, oil, iron, fruit, and luxury goods) would be in stock in time for the fair.</p><br>
<p>By the 17th century the fair was so prominent that merchant ships sailing into Bristol for it were frequently attacked by Turkish pirates in the Bristol Channel. The last fair was held in 1837 under pressure from moralists and strict religious people concerned about the corruption of the young and disapproving of such frivolities set in a graveyard. It also subsequently left its mark on the geography of Bristol as a nearby road in Broadmead is called the Horsefair.</p><br>
<p>The St James Barton roundabout (The Bearpit) retains the name of the Barton or Priory Farm, on which&#39;s land the Fair was once held.</p><br>
<h2>St James Priory Project</h2><br>
<p>After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the nave of the priory church continued in use as an Anglican parish church. It fell into disuse in the 1980s and declared a redundant church before the Church Commissioners put it up for sale.</p><br>
<p>In 1996 the Little Brothers of Nazareth re-established it as a Catholic church, and set up the St James Priory Project which offers support to vulnerable people especially those with a history of substance dependency and mental illness.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Following the award of a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of £3.2 million to conserve, repair, and develop the Priory, building work started in November 2009. The St James Priory charity had to fundraise a further £1.2 million of matched funding toward the restoration work. Conservation, restoration and development lasted 21 months and the Priory Church was re-opened on 25 July 2011. Archaeologists from Bristol and Region Archaeological Services were on site during the restoration works, and uncovered a fragment of what may be the earliest scientific sundial in Britain. The sundial is a block of Bath stone carved with hour lines and medieval Arabic numerals in a style that suggests it was probably made in the 15th century. The discovery that a statue in the church had originally been topless made headlines around the world.</p><br>
<h2>Burials at St James' Priory, Bristol</h2><br>
<p>Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester</p><br>
<p>Stratos  is a settlement in central Aetolia-Acarnania, Western Greece. It is best known for its impressive remains of the namesake ancient Greek city and capital of Acarnania, which lie on a hillside about 500m north of the modern village.</p><br>
<p>Stratos is situated on the right bank of the river Acheloos, 9 km northwest of the town of Agrinio. The area north of Stratos is mountainous, whereas the south is flat. It is now an Aromanian village and a municipal unit of the Agrinio municipality.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Its situation at the northern edge of the fertile Achelous River plain and on the strategic maritime route to Italy as well as the navigability of the river up to city made it a place of great military importance and Stratos emerged as the largest and best fortified city of Acarnania. It was where judicial proceedings common to all the Arcananians took place, and by Thucydides&#39; time Stratos was the capital of Acarnania and the federal assemblies were held there. As a result, it prospered greatly in the 5th century BC.</p><br>
<p>As capital of Acarnania, Stratos was involved in many wars. In the 5th century BC, the Corinthians were forced out of their Acarnanian settlements by Athens. In 429 BC in the Pelopponesian War, the Pelopponesians under the Spartan Knemos attacked Stratos and were defeated "with great slaughter". In about 390 BC the cities of Acarnania surrendered to the Spartans under King Agesilaus, and continued to be Spartan allies until joining the Second Athenian Empire in 375 BC. The Acarnanians later sided with the Boeotians in their fight against Sparta, and with Athens against Philip II of Macedon at Chaeronea.</p><br>
<p>In 314 BC, King Cassander of Macedon took the city to use as a military base against the Aetolians. After 252 BC however, Stratos fell to the Aetolians. During the march of Philip V on Thermos in the Social War in 218 BC, he marched along the Achelous and onto Stratos where he unsuccessfully challenged the citizens to fight.</p><br>
<p>In 169 BC Stratos invited the Romans into Greece as allies against Perseus of Macedon. With the founding of Nicopolis in 28BC, much of the population was obliged to move to the new city and Stratos fell into decline.</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>The main excavations are of the Agora and Stoa, the temple of Zeus, the theatre and the city walls.</p><br>
<h3>Walls</h3><br>
<p>The area enclosed by the city walls of 7.5 km length including four long hills and three valleys is alone impressive, their height and strength also. They are constructed of massive blocks and include towers at intervals.</p><br>
<h3>Temple of Zeus Stratios</h3><br>
<p>The temple stands on the top of a fortified hill at the remote northwest end of the city. It was of the Doric order, with Corinthian columns in the cella. In addition to this combination of architectural orders, the monument shows several more structural and planning innovations. Construction of the temple began in 321 BC but was never finished, probably due to fights against the Aetolians. For example, the fluting of the columns was never completed and the column drums retain their bosses used for man after</p><br>
<p>The remains of the temple show the exquisite detail of sculpture in its construction, and also the excellent state of preservation of the base and many constituent blocks despite almost 2500 years of weathering.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Village</h2><br>
<p>Before 1928 the village was named Sorovigli (Σωροβίγλι).</p><br>
<p>Before the 2011 local government reform Stratos was an independent municipality. The municipal unit has an area of 153.307 km, the community 30.313 km. The municipal unit had a population of 5,429 in 2011, the community 979.</p><br>
<p>Ahmic Lake is a lake in Parry Sound District, Ontario, Canada, part of the Magnetawan River waterway in the Almaguin Highlands region. Ahmic Lake is approximately 19 km long and connects to two smaller lakes, Neighick  and Crawford Lake.</p><br>
<p>Wealthy American tourists have been visiting the area since the 1860s and bought large tracts of land around the lake. With most cottages staying in family hands, the lake&#39;s shores have been kept intact over the years, making Ahmic a lake with only moderate shoreline disturbance or alteration. Around the beginning of the 20th century, a number of fishing camps were built on Ahmic Lake, including Cedar Croft which stayed in business until the late 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The lake is known for the presence of two swimming camps, Camp Chikopi, the boys camp, and Camp Ak-O-Mak, the girls camp. Chikopi was the world&#39;s first competitive swim camp. The two camps are directly across the lake from each other and to get from one to the other by water one paddles past Rocky Reef, which is a very exclusive tourist peninsula owned by a few American families. The tourist industry and the two swim camps are what kept the young people and adult residents in the small town of Ahmic Harbour employed for many decades and still contributes to the economic well being of the area. Ahmic Harbour is located at the tip of the small bay of Ahmic Lake along Highway 124.</p><br>
<p>Ahmic Lake was an ideal lake for the two swim camps due to the clear water and a size that allowed for training of marathon swimmers such as Marty Sinn.</p><br>
<h2>Fish species</h2><br>
<p>Fish species in the lake include:</p><br>
<p>Walleye</p><br>
<p>Northern pike</p><br>
<p>Largemouth bass</p><br>
<p>Smallmouth bass</p><br>
<p>Lake whitefish</p><br>
<p>Rainbow smelt</p><br>
<p>Yellow perch</p><br>
<p>Pumpkinseed</p><br>
<p>Bluegill</p><br>
<p>Brown bullhead</p><br>
<p>Crappie</p><br>
<p>Rock bass</p><br>
<p>Nephin or Nefin , at 806 metres , is the second-highest peak in Connacht , Ireland. It is to the west of Lough Conn in County Mayo. Néifinn is variously translated as meaning heavenly or sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>It lies in the centre of Gleann Néifinne, a district bounded by Lough Conn to the east, the Windy Gap/Barnageehy to the south, and Birreencorragh mountain to the west. Its northern limit was in 1838 noted as the townland of Ballybrinoge in the parish of Crossmolina. However, a prose tract of the 14th/15th century makes clear that its northern and western borders were contracted during the later medieval era.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Nephin is mentioned in Cath Maige Tuired ("The Battle of Moytura") as one of the "twelve chief mountains" of Ireland. In the text it is called Nemthenn. This name may be related to nemeton, a term for a sacred space in Celtic polytheism.</p><br>
<p>The mountain&#39;s importance may be inferred by the decision at the Synod of Raith Bressail in 1111 to make Nephin the northern boundary of the diocese of Cong.</p><br>
<p>In early medieval times, the area was inhabited by the Gamarad, who were Kings of Connacht in prehistory. One of their kings, Ailill Finn, is stated to have held residence at Dun Atha Fene, now Caorthannan/Castlehill townland, in the parish of Addergoole and Crossmolina. The legend of the Táin Bó Flidhais tells the story of a cattle raid on Ailill Finn and his wife Flidais otherwise known as The Mayo Táin.</p><br>
<p>Gleann Neimhthinne is stated by John O&#39;Donovan as been one of the seven constituent parts of Tirawley, the others being An Lagan, Breadach, Calraighe Maighe nEleag, Caoille Conaill, Ui Eathach Muaidhe and An Da Bhac.</p><br>
<p>In Leabhar Fiachrach, a topographical and genealogical tract written by Giolla Iosa Mor Mac Fhirbhisigh about 1400, the areas early peoples and families are listed thus:</p><br>
<p>Clann Mhuireadhaigh mec Fearghusa mec Amhalghaidh – descended from Muireadhach, a king of Ui Amhalghaidh, a branch of the Connachta.</p><br>
<p>O Lachtna – 12th century lords of An Da Bhac and Glen Nephin, rendered O Lachtnain, Loughnane, Loughney, Loftus.</p><br>
<p>King Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair of Connacht (1088–1156) intruded his vassals and kinsmen, the Mac Diarmada of Moylurg, as a colony in the area, and into Ui Maill, in the first half of the 12th century. After the Anglo-Norman conquest of Connacht (c.1237–1270), the Clann Ricinh Baireid expelled the O Lachtnain chiefs, and became its new owners. They in turn were gradually squeezed out the Barrett family in the second half of the 14th century by the Bourke descendants of Sir Edmond Albanach de Burgh(died 1375). Do Bhreathnuib in Ibh Amhalghaidh mec Fiachrach tract commonly referred to as The Welshmen of Tirawley, preserves tradition concerning the settlement of Glen Nephin by William Mor na Maighne Barrett (fl. 1267), and a gruesome account of a long conflict between the Bourkes, the Barretts, and tenants of the latter clan, the Lynnots.</p><br>
<p>In the first half of the 17th century the proprietors were still members of the Barrett and Bourke clans. In 1632 Myler, son of Pierce Barrett of Ballysakeery, sold most of his lands to Tibbot and Walter Bourke of Turlough, Castlebar. After the end of the Irish Confederate Wars in 1653, Cromwellian forces confiscated the land from Barrett and Bourke alike. In 1666, Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh stated that "now there is neither Barrett nor Burke, not to mention Clann fiachrach, in possession of any lands there." Its new owners were named Jackson, Gore, Hadsor, and others.</p><br>
<p>Glen Nephin remained Gaeltacht into the second half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<h2>Other projects</h2><br>
<p>Old Central is the oldest building on the Oklahoma State University campus in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Originally built in 1894, it was the first permanent building on the Oklahoma A&M campus. Old Centrals bell clapper once served as a traveling trophy in the Bedlam Series athletics rivalry between Oklahoma State University and the University of Oklahoma. The new "Bedlam Bell" is a crystal trophy modeled after Old Centrals bell and is awarded to the winner of each individual athletics contest in addition to the overall series winner for each year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The construction contract for Old Central was awarded on June 20, 1893. Many students, wanting their own building as soon as possible, assisted the fifty-man construction crew. Students received ten cents per hour for menial jobs, such as carrying bricks and water to the masons.</p><br>
<p>Dedication ceremonies were held on June 15, 1894. Classes began in the structure on September 15, with 144 students in attendance. The College Building, as it was originally known, was the only permanent campus building until 1900. The Chemistry Department, which had occupied the basement, moved into a new building west of "The College."</p><br>
<p>Shifting red permian clay soil and Old Central&#39;s native sandstone foundation proved to be an unfortunate combination. The shifting clay movement against the soft sandstone foundation caused serious structural cracks. In 1914 two large tie-rods were installed in an effort to stabilize the building. Condemnation of Old Central became official in 1925, but space on campus was badly needed; so the building continued to be used until early 1927 when falling plaster slightly injured a student.</p><br>
<p>Major work in 1930 put the building back into use until 1969 when the last regular classes were held. Oklahoma State University leased Old Central to the Oklahoma Historical Society in July 1971; the building was also placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Exterior restoration which began in 1973, was completed in 1989 with the installation of a metal shingle roof to duplicate the original roofing.</p><br>
<p>On October 10, 2007, a new construction project began that gave the 113-year-old building a $7 million restoration and renovation. Oklahoma state and university officials, including Oklahoma State University System CEO and Interim President Marlene Strathe and Oklahoma Historical Society Executive Director Bob Blackburn, were on hand to ring the Old Central bell to mark the start of construction. The project would give Old Central a new foundation and place students in the building once again. When the renovation was completed in July 2009, the building became the home of the OSU Honors College and continues to house the Oklahoma Museum of Higher Education. The renovation was funded by the Oklahoma State Regents of Higher Education capital lease program.</p><br>
<p>Mount Poroshiri or sometimes Mount Horoshiri is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is the highest mountain in the Hidaka range, and is one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing route</h2><br>
<h3>Nukabira course</h3><br>
<p>The Nukabira course course is a two-day course.</p><br>
<p>On the first day, drive 35 km from Furenai to the Rindō Gate. From the gate it is a 5 km (2 hours) hike to the Shusui Dam on the Nukabira River. From the dam it is another 4 km (3 hours) to the Poroshiri Mountain Cottage. The cottage is maintained by the Biratori Alpine Club and sits 950 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>For the second day, the route climbs 1.5 km (2 hours) from the mountain cottage to the Spring of Life. The route continues another 2.5 km (2 hours) along the field of alpine flowers past the North Cirque to the summit. The route then turns north and runs 3 km (2 hours) along the Seven Pond Cirque to the summit of Mount Tottabetsu (1959m). From there it is a 1 km (30 minute) walk to Mount Naka Tottabetsu. The route then descends 3 km (2 hours) to the Mount Poroshiri Mountain Cottage.</p><br>
<h3>Niikappu River course</h3><br>
<p>The Niikappu River course starts at Okuniikappu Hatsudensho gate. From there the trail proceeds to Okuniikappu Dam, which forms Lake Poroshiri. From the dam the trail goes to a survey cabin along the Poroshiri River and then onto the mountain ridge before ascending to the summit.</p><br>
<p>Fonthill Lake is a lake in southwest Wiltshire, England.</p><br>
<p>A stream flows out of the southern end of the lake and joins the River Nadder at Tisbury, 2 km to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>It lies just to the south of the village of Fonthill Bishop, east of the village of Fonthill Gifford, and northeast of Fonthill Abbey. The lake is 1.6 km long and approximately 100 m wide at its maximum breadth.</p><br>
<p>A sizeable population of the introduced Mandarin duck is resident at Fonthill Lake (and on surrounding rivers) together with a number of wild swans.</p><br>
<p>The lake was used as the location for the filming of all the river scenes in the film Chocolat, which starred Juliette Binoche and Johnny Depp. It is also where the ashes of pioneering Everest mountaineer Eric Shipton were scattered.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ella is a lake in central Tallahassee, Florida on US 27 just south of Tharpe Street, and just north of Downtown. Lake Ella has an area of 12 acres . Once used for cattle, it now has three fountains and is used for recreation, flood protection, and stormwater pollution control.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Ella was originally called Bull Pond (sometimes spelled Buhl). Records for this name date back as far as 1867 when some local black churches held baptisms in its clear waters. In 1867 some 2000 "freedmen" gathered there for a day-long political rally.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century Lake Ella became part of the "Old Spanish Trail", a coast-to-coast highway extending from San Diego to St. Augustine, Fl. This was one of a network of named roads, so named to promote tourism.</p><br>
<p>On the west bank of the lake are several cottages that were once part of the Tallahassee Motor Hotel, a hotel opened by Gilbert S. Chandler in 1925 to cater to this tourist trade. Around the same time the lake was renamed Lake Ella.</p><br>
<p>The cottages were once used as lakefront honeymoon rooms but are now occupied by local businesses. On the north shore of the lake is American Legion Post 13.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>Lake Ella is incorporated into the 6.5 acre (26,000 m²) Fred Drake Park. The park has picnic shelters, a site for community activities such as amateur astronomy and exercising, and a paved walking trail that completely encircles the lake. Visitors can walk, skate, or skateboard the 0.6 mi around the lake. Visitors also enjoy feeding the many ducks, geese, pigeons, and turtles that live at the lake.</p><br>
<p>On Jan 24, 2009, Lake Ella hosted a group of Tibetan monks on their visit to Tallahassee. They spent a week creating a sand mandala at The Mary Brogan Museum of Art and Science. The monks then destroyed the mandala in a "special dissolution ritual" and brought the sand to Lake Ella "so that its healing energies would be dispersed throughout the world." On December 13, 2010, the monks arrived in Tallahassee for another visit, and dismantled the new mandala on December 19.</p><br>
<h2>Stormwater control</h2><br>
<p>In 1986, Lake Ella underwent extensive rehabilitation including sediment removal, reshaping of the shoreline, reducing the number of stormwater inflow pipes, and installation of an automatic alum treatment system. Lake Ella receives stormwater runoff from an urban watershed that is approximately 157 acres (635,000 m²) in area. During a typical year the lake treats somewhere around 250 million gallons (946,352 cu. m) of stormwater runoff. During normal water elevations the lake stores approximately 27 million gallons (102,206 cu. m) of water. During excessive rain events the lake can store an additional 9 million gallons (34,068 cu. m). Pollutant treatment is obtained through an automated system that doses alum at six locations based on the volume of stormwater entering the lake. Alum, which is a substance used by some communities to treat drinking water, mixes with incoming stormwater and causes pollutants to settle to the lake bottom.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ella sometimes floods after severe storms, which can cause the surrounding roads to be closed for a few days.</p><br>
<p>Muri Abbey  is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. It flourished for over eight centuries at Muri, in the Canton of Aargau, near Basel, Switzerland. It is currently established as Muri-Gries in South Tyrol and was formerly a part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The monastery of Saint Martin of Tours at Muri in the Canton of Aargau, in the Diocese of Basel (but originally in that of Constance), was founded in 1027 by Radbot, Count of Habsburg, one of the progenitors of the House of Habsburg. Rha, a daughter of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine, and Werner, Bishop of Strasburg, each donated a portion of land to a monastery which they established there. A colony of monks was drawn from the nearby Einsiedeln Abbey, under the leadership of Prior Reginbold. On his death in 1055, Burchard was chosen as the monastery&#39;s first abbot. During his rule the abbey church was consecrated in 1064.</p><br>
<p>About this time, the community was reinforced by the accession of a new colony of monks from the Abbey of St. Blaise in the Black Forest, one of whom, the Blessed Luitfrid, continued the government of both communities till his death 31 December 1096. The monastery pursued its quiet work of religion and civilization under the leadership of able abbots, the most remarkable of whom were</p><br>
<p>Ranzelin</p><br>
<p>Cuno, founder of a school and a generous benefactor to the library of the monastery</p><br>
<p>Henry Scheuk who greatly increased its landed property</p><br>
<p>Henry de Schoenwerd</p><br>
<p>Under Schoenwerd&#39;s rule, a whole family embraced the religious life. The father with his sons entered the abbey of the monks, whilst his wife and daughters betook themselves to the adjoining convent of nuns, a community which later on was transferred to Hermetschwil, around five miles distant from Muri. The good reputation enjoyed by the Abbey of Muri procured it many friends. In 1114, Emperor Henry V took it under his special protection; and the popes on their side were not less solicitous for its welfare.</p><br>
<p>The abbey had its vicissitudes of good and bad fortune. It was laid low by two disastrous fires, in 1300 and in 1363; wars and uprisings checked for a time its prosperity. It recovered something of its old life under Abbot Conrad II, only to suffer again during the abbacy of his successor, George Russinger, in the war between the Swiss Confederacy and the Habsburgs.</p><br>
<p>Russinger, who had taken part in the Council of Constance (1414-1418), set out to reform the abbey and joined it to the newly formed Congregation of Bursfelde, a union of Benedictine monasteries, both of men and of women, founded in 1446 to promote the reform of Benedictine practice. Pope Julius II (1503–1513) granted the Abbots of Muri the use of pontificalia.</p><br>
<p>In the 1530s, the abbey was attacked by troops from Bern, a leading - and newly Protestant - member of the Swiss Confederacy. It survived thanks to Abbot Laurentius von Heidegg (1508–1540), who was friends with Heinrich Bullinger, the leading reformer of Zürich.</p><br>
<p>The rule of Abbot Jakob Meyer, a member of a noble family from Lucerne, proved an economic disaster. Meyer was eventually forced out of office in 1596 and replaced by John Jodoc Singisen, who proved himself a second founder of his monastery, who extended his care to the other Benedictine houses of Switzerland and was one of the founders of the Swiss Congregation established in 1602. Largely through his efforts discipline was restored; monks of piety and letters went forth from Muri to re-people the half-full cloisters; by his wisdom suitable constitutions were drawn up for such communities of nuns as had survived so many revolutions. His successor, Dom Dominic Tschudi, was a man of like mould, and a scholar whose works were held in great repute. He was born at Baden in 1595 and died there in 1654. His Origo et genealogia comitum do Habsburg is his best known work.</p><br>
<p>With the eighteenth century fresh honours came to Muri. The Emperor Leopold I raised Abbot Placid Zurlauben, and his successor, to the rank of princes of the Holy Roman Empire, and spent a vast sum of money in rebuilding and embellishing the monastery and church, the ancient mausoleum of the imperial family. The abbey continued to prosper in every way; good discipline was kept up and many distinguished ecclesiastics and learned men were educated within its walls.</p><br>
<p>With the spread of the French Revolution, the Canton of Aargau set out to drive out religious institutions. Muri, after a long resistance, was obliged to submit. Its abbot, an old man, had withdrawn to the monastery of Engelberg, more favourably situated, and there died on 5 November 1838, leaving his successor, D. Adalbert Regli, to deal with the situation after the canton closed the abbey in 1841. Despite their expulsion from Muri, the community never wholly disbanded; the abbot and some of the monks found a welcome in the Canton of Unterwalden, which invited them to undertake the management of the cantonal college at Sarnen. There the main body of the monks resided, until the Austrian Emperor, Ferdinand I, offered them a residence at Gries near Bozen in Tyrol, in an old priory of Canons Regular of the Lateran which had been unoccupied since 1807. The Holy See concurred in the grant, and confirmed the transfer of the community of Muri to Gries by a Brief of Gregory XVI, dated 16 September 1844. In order to avoid complications the house of Gries was continued in its former status as a priory and incorporated with the Swiss Abbey of Muri, which is regarded as temporarily located in its Austrian dependency, the Abbot of Muri being at the same time Prior of Gries.</p><br>
<p>The abbey of Muri had been a favoured burial place of the House of Habsburg. In the 20th century, the hearts of the last reigning Imperial couple, Emperor Charles I of Austria (now the Blessed Charles of Austria, 1887–1922) and Empress Zita of Bourbon-Parma (1892–1989) are in the family crypt in the Loreto Chapel, as are the bodies of their sons Rudolf and Felix.</p><br>
